scholarly journals Comparative assessment of sorbic and benzoic acid via express biotest

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Artem Samoylov ◽  
Natal’ya Suraeva ◽  
Mariya Zaytseva ◽  
Vera Rachkova ◽  
Madinat Kurbanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Express Methods

Negative physiological and biochemical effects of chronic and subchronic doses of benzoates and sorbates may pose a certain risk to human health. Identifying new biomarkers responsible for the body’s response to these compounds could provide significant details in determining the mechanism of their toxicity. To assess comparatively physiological, cytological, cytogenetic, and biochemical parameters in onion roots cells we used an Allium test. The roots were previously treated with sorbic and benzoic acids. The study recorded the dose-dependent toxic effect of these preservatives on the root mass growth. The EC50 values obtained for benzoic and sorbic acids (10 mg/L and 110 mg/L respectively) were significantly lower than the regulated concentrations prescribed by the standards for their content in certain types of food products. With an increase in concentrations of these acids, the mitotic index of meristematic cells decreased in experimental groups compared to control groups. The data obtained confirmed the necessity of estimating the mitotic index when choosing onion for the Allium test. The necessity resulted from the fact that low proliferative activity could cause false positive results. Sorbic and benzoic acids in concentrations below the corresponding EC50 increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in apical meristematic cells of the roots compared to control. Thus, benzoic and sorbic acids had reliable mitodepressive and genotoxic effects on the dividing cells of onion roots. The study explored the dynamics of lipid oxidation biomarker accumulation (malon dialdehyde, MDA) after exposure to benzoic and sorbic acids. The toxic effect of benzoic acid appeared not to be associated with oxidative damage to root cell lipids, whereas sorbic acid in concentrations from 20 to 200 mg/L resulted in a multiple increase in MDA concentration in the test samples compared to control. At the same time, lipid peroxidation showed a higher level of sensitivity compared to other indicators of this test. Further, the data obtained on the toxic influence of sorbic and benzoic acids can be used in express methods to assess food and ecological security of these acids.

scholarly journals Effect of Beta-lactam Antibiotics on Microscopic Parameters in the Allium-test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
I. Kantsavaya ◽  
O. Alekseenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Pathological Mitoses ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dividing Cells

The work examines the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, ampicillin, augmentin) on the pathology of mitosis in the Allium–test. Research methods: Allium–test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. It was established that the use of individual tested beta-lactam antibiotics increases the percentage of pathological mitoses in the cell by 1.8–3.3 times compared with the value in the control. With the combined use of cefotaxime and Augmentin, synergism appeared, as a result, the value of mitosis pathology turned out to be at the level of the number in the control; minimally represented pathologies indicating damage to the mitotic apparatus. It was revealed that all three beta-lactam antibiotics tested had a pronounced statmokinetic effect. At the same time, with the joint use of cefotaxime and Augmentin, k-mitosis was not registered in dividing cells. Comparison of the spectrum of pathological mitoses in the variants of the experiment showed that the pathology ‘chromosome runaway/backlog’ in anaphase of mitosis dominates in all variants. An increase in the concentration of Augmentin and ampicillin caused the suppression of pathological processes in onion meristematic cells, a decrease in PM values was observed. An increase in Augmentin concentration does not affect the composition and spectrum of pathological mitoses; ampicillin has a decrease in the level of most of the recorded pathologies of mitosis.

scholarly journals Possible protective effects of trans-resveratrol against 1,4-dioxane  induced toxicity in meristematic cells of plant bioassays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Kurt ◽  
Emine Yalçın ◽  
Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background In this study, the protective effects of trans-resveratrol against 1,4-dioxane induced toxicity in meristematic cells were investigated. For this purpose, Allium test which is a reliable test was used and the alterations in all experimental groups were examined by using physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters.Results As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that 1,4-dioxane causes serious abnormalities in Allium cepa meristematic cells. It was determined that in 1,4-dioxane treated group germination percentage regressed 1.6-times, root length reduced 12.7-times and weight gain decreased 7.7-times compared to control group. It has been observed that trans-resveratrol administration with 1,4-dioxane causes improvement in physiological parameters and reduces the damage rate from 0.4 to 0.16. Mitotic index, micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequency were investigated as cytogenetic parameters. It was determined that mitotic index decreased, chromosomal abnormalities and micronucleus frequency increased in 1,4-dioxane treated group. Trans-resveratrol treatment was found to cause a dose dependent improvement in genotoxic effects induced by 1,4-dioxane. Changes in the antioxidant system in all experimental groups were determined by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme levels. It was determined that 1,4-dioxane administration caused an increase in malondialdehyde level, decreased glutathion rate and induced antioxidant enzyme activity. Trans-resveratrol application was found to cause improvement in these alterations induced by 1,4-dioxane. It was observed that the 200 mg/mL trans-resveratrol+1,4-dioxane treatment caused a 1.9-fold decrease in malondialdehyde level which is indicator of lipid peroxidation compared to only 1,4-dioxane treated group. The abnormalities caused by 1,4-dioxane application in the meristematic cells are also found in the anatomical structure. In 1,4-dioxane treatment group, anatomical changes such as cell deformation and cortex wall thickening were observed. The frequency of these changes decreased with trans-resveratrol administration.Conclusions As a result, it was determined that 1,4-dioxane caused a versatile toxicity in Allium cepa meristematic cells, while trans-resveratrol was found to have a dose-dependent protective feature against 1,4-dioxane-induced toxicity.

scholarly journals Hydrogenation of benzoic acid derivatives over Pt/TiO2 under mild conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Guo ◽  
Xiangtao Kong ◽  
Chunzhi Li ◽  
Qihua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Catalyst Poisoning ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Transfer Direction

AbstractHydrogenation of benzoic acid (BA) to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CCA) has important industrial and academic significance, however, the electron deficient aromatic ring and catalyst poisoning by carboxyl groups make BA hydrogenation a challenging transformation. Herein, we report that Pt/TiO2 is very effective for BA hydrogenation with, to our knowledge, a record TOF of 4490 h−1 at 80 °C and 50 bar H2, one order higher than previously reported results. Pt/TiO2 catalysts with electron-deficient and electron-enriched Pt sites are obtained by modifying the electron transfer direction between Pt and TiO2. Electron-deficient Pt sites interact with BA more strongly than electron-rich Pt sites, helping the dissociated H of the carboxyl group to participate in BA hydrogenation, thus enhancing its activity. The wide substrate scope, including bi- and tri-benzoic acids, further demonstrates the high efficiency of Pt/TiO2 for hydrogenation of BA derivatives.

Haemopoiesis in Lepidoptera. III. A note on the multiplication of spherule cells and granular haemocytes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Arnold ◽  
C. F. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Spherule Cell ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Potential Maximum ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Cell Mitosis

Blood films from early sixth instar larvae of Euxoa declarata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) stained in hematoxylin – eosin – alcian blue showed unequivocal examples of mitosis in spherule cells. The improved visibility of mitosis and the estimation of the mitotic index from counts of dividing cells per 1000 cells of each type indicated a far greater potential maximum production of spherule cells and granular haemocytes by mitosis than reported previously. Certain other methods of staining showed similar clear examples of spherule cell mitosis.

scholarly journals 5-AMINOURACIL TREATMENT

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Socher ◽  
D. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Two Populations

Treatment of Vicia faba lateral roots with a range of concentrations of 5-aminouracil (5-AU) indicate that cells are stopped at a particular point in interphase. The timing of the fall in mitotic index suggests that cells are held at the S - G2 transition. When cells are held at this point, treatments with 5-AU can be used to estimate the duration of G2 + mitosis/2 of proliferating cells. Treatment with 5-AU can also be used to demonstrate the presence of subpopulations of dividing cells that differ in their G2 duration. Using this method, 5-AU-induced inhibition, we have confirmed that in V. faba lateral roots there are two populations of dividing cells: (a) a fast-dividing population, which makes up ∼85% of the proliferating cell population and has a G2 + mitosis/2 duration of 3.3 hr, and (b) a slow-dividing population, which makes up ∼15% of dividing cells and has a G2 duration in excess of 12 hr. These estimates are similar to those obtained from percentage labeled mitosis (PLM) curves after incorporation of thymidine-3H.

scholarly journals Sodium cacodylate as antimitotic agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Jadwiga A. Tarkowska
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Antimitotic Agent ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells

The effect of pure sodium cacodylate on dividing cells was studied. The root meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. (the roots were squashed in acetoorcein) and endosperm cells of <em>Haemanthus katherinae</em> Bak. (<em>in vitro</em> observations) were used. Serious disturbances in karyokinesis and cytokinesis were found that led most often to the formation of polyploid or multinucleate (<em>A. cepa</em>) cells. These results point to damage of the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast. Careful use of cacodylate buffer in ultrastructural studies of microtubules is advised.

scholarly journals Development of a Multiplexed Assay for Detection ofLeishmania donovaniandLeishmania infantumProtein Biomarkers in Urine Samples of Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Fabiana Alves ◽  
Severine Monnerat ◽  
Monique Wasunna ◽  
Jane Mbui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
New Biomarkers

ABSTRACTVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious and fatal disease caused by the parasitesLeishmania infantumandLeishmania donovani. The gold standard diagnostic test for VL is the demonstration of parasites or their DNA in spleen, lymph node, or bone marrow aspirates. Serological tests exist but cannot distinguish active VL from either prior exposure to the parasites or previously treated VL disease. Using mass spectroscopy, we have previously identified threeL. infantumprotein biomarkers (Li-isd1,Li-txn1, andLi-ntf2) in the urine of VL patients and developed a sensitive and specific urine-based antigen detection assay for the diagnosis of VL that occurs in Brazil (where VL is caused byL. infantum). However, unpublished observations from our laboratory at DetectoGen showed that these biomarkers were detected in only 55% to 60% of VL patients from India and Kenya, where the disease is caused byL. donovani. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of two new biomarkers ofL. donovani(Ld-mao1andLd-ppi1) present in the urine of VL patients from these two countries. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using specific rabbit IgG and chicken IgY were developed, and the assays had sensitivities of 44.4% and 28.8% for the detection ofLd-mao1andLd-ppi1, respectively. In contrast, a multiplexed assay designed to simultaneously detect all five leishmanial biomarkers markedly increased the assay sensitivity to 82.2%. These results validate the utility of leishmanial protein biomarkers found in the urine of VL patients as powerful tools for the development of an accurate diagnostic test for this disease.

Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Benzaldehydes and Benzoic Acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1811-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
MENDEL FRIEDMAN ◽  
PHILIP R. HENIKA ◽  
ROBERT E. MANDRELL
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures

We evaluated the bactericidal activities of 35 benzaldehydes, 34 benzoic acids, and 1 benzoic acid methyl ester against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica when these compounds were substituted on the benzene ring with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy (OH) and/or methoxy (OCH3) groups in a pH 7.0 buffer. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the sample that induced a 50% decrease in CFU after 60 min (BA50). Of the 70 compounds tested, 24 were found to be active against all four pathogens, and additional 4, 10, and 12 were found to be active against three, two, and one of the pathogens, respectively. C. jejuni was ~100 times as sensitive as the other three pathogens. The 10 compounds that were most active against the four pathogens (with average BA50 values ranging from 0.026 to 0.166) and are candidates for studies of activity in foods or for disinfections were 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxyben-zaldehyde, and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Comparison of the chemical structures of the test compounds and their activities revealed that (i) the aldehyde (CHO) group was more active than the carboxyl (COOH) group whether or not OH groups were present; (ii) compounds were most active with trisubstituted OH &gt; disubstituted OH &gt; monosubstituted OH; (iii) for disubstituted derivatives, 2-OH enhanced activities were exhibited by benzaldehyde but not by benzoic acid; (iv) compounds were more active with OH than with OCH3, irrespective of the position of substitution on the benzene ring; (v) compounds with mixed OH and OCH3 groups exhibited variable results, i.e., in some cases OCH3 groups enhanced activity and in other cases they did not; (vi) methoxybenzoic acids were largely inactive; and (vii) gallic acid was 20 times as active against S. enterica at pH 7.0 as it was at pH 3.7, suggesting that the ionization of its OH groups may enhance bactericidal activity.

Mixed-dimer formation in binary systems of 4-substituted benzoic acids and structure considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Roman ◽  
Annett Kaeding-Koppers ◽  
Peter Zugenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Dimer Formation ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Cholesteric Phase ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids

The phase behavior of binary systems of 4-substituted benzoic acids is governed by the formation of mixed dimers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the components’ structural difference on mixed-dimer formation in crystalline and liquid-crystalline phases. The phase diagrams of two systems, with 4-[(S)-(–)-2-methylbutoxy]benzoic acid (MBOBA) as one component and 4-(hex-5-enoxy)benzoic acid (HOBA) and 4-(dec-9-enoxy)benzoic acid (DOBA), respectively, as the second component, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized-light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The MBOBA-HOBA system exhibited a cholesteric phase, two solid solutions, and above 58 °C for compositions between 40 and 80 mol% HOBA a crystalline phase of mixed dimers. The MBOBA-DOBA system showed a crystalline phase of mixed dimers at all compositions, a cholesteric phase, and a twisted smectic C phase, which was dominated by mixed dimers at 60 and 70 mol% DOBA. We conclude that liquid-crystalline phases are generally dominated by mixed dimers, but in crystalline phases the formation of mixed dimers is promoted by a greater difference in molecular structure. The crystal structure of two of the pure compounds MBOBA and DOBA and comparable compounds have been determined for an evaluation of the arrangements of the molecules in the crystal and liquid-crystalline state.Key words: benzoic acid, crystal arrangement, phase diagrams, liquid crystal.

Biosynthese von p-Hydroxybenzoesäure und anderer Benzoesäuren in höheren Pflanzen

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Zenk ◽  
G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Catalpa Ovata

Feeding experiments with glucose- (2-14C), phenylalanine- (3-14C), tyrosine- (3-14C) and p-coumaric acid- (3-14C) showed that the latter three substances are incorporated in good yields into p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves of Catalpa ovata. Kinetic experiments showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid is formed from phenylalanine via p-coumaric acid and the subsequent β-oxidation of the side chain. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid can also be synthetised by hydroxylation of benzoic acid, but this does not seem to be the biosynthetic route in Catalpa.Phenylalanine- (3-14C) is also incorporated into benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid by different plants; the radioactivity of the β-C atom of the amino acid was found in each case to be located in the carboxyl group of the C6 — C1 acid. This suggests that in higher plants the benzoic acids are formed from the corresponding cinnamic acids via β-oxidation.

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