The effect of temperature on rates of development of larval Protostrongylus spp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis canadensis, in the snail Vallonia pulchella
The rate of development of Protostrongylus stilesi and (or) Protostrongylus rushi in the intermediate host Vallonia pulchella was related linearly to temperature between 10 and 30 °C. The temperature threshold was 8 °C and the thermal constant was 305 degree-days. Infected snails kept at 10 °C for several days and then transferred to 25 °C produced third-stage larvae faster than expected. Rates of development of Protostrongylus spp. applied to field conditions indicated that most of the first- to third-stage development occurs during the summer, very slow development takes place in the autumn or the spring, and none occurs over the winter. These data reinforce the hypothesis formulated by D. A. Boag and W. D. Wishart that snails on the bighorn sheep wintering grounds are responsible for transmission of the lungworms to sheep in autumn.