Seasonal dynamics and distribution of American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), larvae and nymphs at Birds Hill Park, Manitoba

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2748-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Burachynsky ◽  
T. D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Spermophilus Franklinii ◽  
Dog Tick

During a 2-year study on the relationships between immature Dermacentor variabilis and their small-mammal hosts near Birds Hill, Manitoba, 739 captures of 427 mammals were examined for ticks. Captures represented 11 mammal species: Clethrionomys gapperi, Lepus americanus, Microtus pennsylvanicus, Mus musculus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Sorex cinereus, Spermophilus franklinii, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Tamias striatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and Zapus hudsonius. Clethrionomys gapperi, M. pennsylvanicus, P. maniculatus, S. franklinii, and Z. hudsonius were most frequently encountered and, with the exception of S. franklinii, infested with larvae and nymphs. Clethrionomys gapperi were most frequently infested by D. variabilis and produced 42.6% and 60.5% of larvae collected in 1979 and 1980, respectively, and over 85% of all nymphs. Peak larval infestation occurred between the last week of May and the middle of June; that for nymphs occurred in July in both 1979 and 1980. Dermacentor variabilis appeared to have a 2-year life cycle in Manitoba. Larvae were spatially aggregated during both years and aggregates were located in different areas of the plots each year. Nymphs were less aggregated than larvae. The distribution of nymphs overlapped that of larvae each year and occupied a greater area on the plots.

Ectoparasites and other associates of some insectivores and rodents from New Brunswick

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2787-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Whitaker Jr ◽  
Thomas W. French
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Host Individual ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Provincial Park

Ectoparasites and other associates were examined from seven species of insectivores and nine species of rodents from Mount Carleton Provincial Park, New Brunswick. The most abundant forms found were (at least 2.0 per host individual) the following: Orycteroxenus soricis and Amorphacarus hengererorum on Sorex cinereus and on Sorex (Microsorex) hoyi; A. hengererorum and O. soricis on Sorex fumeus; O. soricis, Miyatrombicula esoensis, and Ixodes angustus on Sorex gaspensis; O. soricis, I. angustus, Pygmephorus horridus, and Protomyobia americana on Blarina brevicauda; M. esoensis, Protomyobia claparedei, and Glycyphagus hypudaei on Sorex palustris; Orycteroxenus canadensis, O. soricis, P. horridus, G. hypudaei, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, and Haemogamasus ambulans on Condylura cristata. More abundant ectoparasites of the rodents were as follows: G. hypudaei, Listrophorus mexicanus, M. esoensis, Neotrombicula harperi, and Radfordia lemnina on Clethrionomys gapperi; G. hypudaei, L. mexicanus, M. esoensis, N. harperi, and Laelaps kochi on Microtus chrotorrhinus; L. mexicanus, G. hypudaei, Radfordia hylandi, Laelaps alaskensis, M. esoensis, Polyplax alaskensis, L. kochi, N. harperi, and Myocoptes j. japonensis on Microtus pennsylvanicus; Listrophorus synaptomys, Hoplopleura acanthopus, L. alaskensis, G. hypudaei, M. esoensis, I. angustus, R. hylandi, and N. harperi on Synaptomys cooperi; all of these except the last one on Synaptomys borealis; M. esoensis on Peromyscus maniculatus; Dermacarus newyorkensis on Zapus hudsonius; D. newyorkensis, N. harperi, Radfordia ewingi, and G. hypudaei on Napaeozapus insignis; Dermacarus hylandi, N. harperi, Megabothris acerbus, and M. esoensis on Tamias striatus.

Distribution of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and its small-mammal hosts in relation to vegetation types in a study area in Nova Scotia

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
P. R. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
Dog Tick

The distribution of Dermacentor variabilis and its mammal hosts was related to vegetation types found in a 12-ha area of southwestern Nova Scotia during summers of 1974 to 1977. Cluster and principal component analyses were used to elucidate these relationships. Habitats, live-trapped for small mammals, were categorized into seven major vegetation types: old field, ecotone – old field, ecotone–powerline, shrubs–trees, mixed woods low–wet, mixed woods open canopy, and mixed woods closed canopy. Clethrionomys gapperi, Peromyscus spp. (mainly P. leucopus, about 10% P. maniculatus) and Tamias striatus were most frequently trapped in the mixed deciduous and coniferous wood areas, although the latter two genera were also captured in the old field and ecotone – old field areas. Microtus pennsylvanicus, Zapus hudsonius, and adult and nymph stages of Dermacentor variabilis occurred most frequently in the old field and ecotone areas. Tick nymphs fed almost exclusively on Microtus pennsylvanicus, but also utilized Peromyscus spp. in the ecotone and woodland areas. In contrast to the nymphs, over half the tick larvae were collected from Clethrionomys gapperi and Peromyscus spp. captured in the ecotone–powerline, shrubs–trees, and mixed wood areas, whereas less than half the tick larvae were collected from mammals inhabiting the old field and ecotone – old field areas. Peromyscus spp. probably helped disperse engorged tick larvae from the woodland to the old field and ecotone areas.

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TAENIA CRASSICEPS (ZEDER, 1800) RUDOLPHI, 1810 (CESTODA)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Marmota Monax ◽  
New Host Records

Taenia crassiceps was common in Vulpes fulva examined from southern Ontario. Metacestodes occurred naturally in Microtus pennsylvanicus, Marmota monax, Tamias striatus, and Ondatra zibethicus, and Peromyscus maniculatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and Sciurus carolinensis were infected experimentally; all rodents are new host records. Cysticerci developed into adults in dogs or foxes within 5 to 6 weeks; five coyote pups resisted infection. Development of the metacestode was followed mainly in white mice. Infections were most common subcutaneously, but also occurred in both body cavities. Mice approximately 4 weeks of age were most susceptible. Asexual reproduction occurred by exogenous, and rarely endogenous, budding from the abscolex pole beginning approximately 3 weeks after infection. Metacestodes in various stages of development were injected into mice subcutaneously, intrapleurally, but mainly intraperitoneally. Subsequent development and reproduction were similar to that following infection with eggs. Apparently all metacestodes are capable of budding. The initial rate of reproduction was higher subcutaneously and intrapleurally than intraperitoneally, but within approximately 100 days the rate became higher and continued higher intraperitoneally than elsewhere. Reproduction never reached a logarithmic rate. Metacestodes inoculated serially up to 21 times at 50-day intervals increased greatly in size and continued budding. Four other series were maintained by serial subinoculation at 50-day intervals through 23 generations without a significant change in the rate of reproduction.

Ecology of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in Nova Scotia

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Dodds ◽  
Arthur M. Martell ◽  
Richard E. Yescott
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Erethizon Dorsatum ◽  
American Dog Tick ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Small Mammal Species

The American dog tick has been extending its range in western Nova Scotia since about 1940. The presence of a number of suitable hosts, a temperate, moist climate, and logging operations producing an interspersion of choice vegetative conditions allow relatively high densities and a continuous spread. Seven small mammal species act as hosts. The most important hosts of immature stages are meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi), and meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius). Important hosts for adult stages are porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and black bear (Ursus americanus).

ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CLADOTAENIA, THE LIFE HISTORIES OF C. GLOBIFERA (BATSCH, 1786) AND C. CIRCI YAMAGUTI, 1935, AND A NOTE ON DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE PLEROCERCOIDS OF THE GENERA PARUTERINA AND CLADOTAENIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
The World ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Circus Cyaneus

A review of the taxonomy of the genus Cladotaenia established that at least four species of this genus occur in Europe, Egypt, and Sudan; that four species occur in North America; and that there are 10 valid species in the world. C. circi Yamaguti, 1935 is redescribed from Circus cyaneus hudsonius and Accipiter cooperi, and C. globifera (Batsch, 1786) is redescribed from Accipiter gentilis atricapillus, A. striatus velox, Buteo p. platypterus, B. jamaicensis, and C. cyaneus hudsonius all collected in North America. The development of the plerocercoid of both species is described. Natural infections with the plerocercoid of C. circi, are reported from Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis, and with the plerocercoid of C. globifera in the rodents, Clethrionomys gapperi, Napaeozapus insignis, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis, P. leucopus noveboracensis, Tamias striatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and the insectivore Sorex cinereus. The ratio of the length of the hook to length of guard of the large hooks of Cladolaenia is less than 3.5:1, whereas this ratio is more than 3.5:1 on the large rostellar hooks of Paruterina, which is considered a good criterion for distinguishing the plerocercoids of the two genera.

Helminth parasites of squirrels (Sciuridae) in Saskatchewan

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2040-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. McGee
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Glaucomys Sabrinus ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus ◽  
New Host ◽  
Marmota Monax ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spermophilus Franklinii ◽  
New Host Records

During the period March 1976 to November 1977, 377 mammals of the family Sciuridae (Rodentia) were collected in Saskatchewan and examined for helminths. Species and numbers of each were as follows: Spermophilus richardsonii (Sabine), 209; Spermophilus franklinii (Sabine), 46; Spermophilus tridecemlineatus (Mitchill), 31; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (A. H. Howell), 64; Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw), 12; Eutamias minimus (J. A. Allen), 11; and Marmota monax (Erxleben), 4.Ten species of cestodes, 2 species of trematodes, 11 species of nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan were represented in the collections made. New host records and (or) geographic range extensions were indicated for 10 species of helminths.In addition to taxonomic considerations of the helminths, attention has been given to parasite–host relationships involving ground squirrels. In general, male Spermophilus spp. were significantly more commonly infected than were females, and older squirrels were significantly more commonly infected than were younger ones. However, adult squirrels did not have significantly more worms than did juveniles.

Small mammal and habitat response to shoreline cottage development in central Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Racey ◽  
D. L. Euler
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Cottage Development ◽  
Mammal Diversity

Changes in small mammal abundance and habitat caused by shoreline cottage development in central Ontario were studied in the summers of 1978 and 1979. This development significantly altered the vegetation composition and structure in the vicinity of cottages. These alterations, in turn, had an impact on small mammal abundance. These animals were classified in three response categories: tolerant (existing, at some level, regardless of degree of development), intolerant (extirpated at high levels of development), and indifferent to development. Tolerant species were the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus); intolerant species were the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus), red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi), and woodland jumping mouse (Napeozapus insignis). The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) was indifferent to development. Small mammal diversity was highest on mixed shorelines at moderate levels of development. Species diversity appeared to respond positively to vegetative composition, edge effect, and irregularity of habitat. These characteristics were all dependent on the level of cottage development.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Borrelia mayonii (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Field-Caught Tamias striatus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) From Northern Wisconsin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N Siy ◽  
Ryan T Larson ◽  
Tela E Zembsch ◽  
Xia Lee ◽  
Susan M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Glaucomys Volans ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Eastern Chipmunks

Abstract Borrelia mayonii is a recently discovered bacterial spirochete that causes Lyme disease and is transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). To date, B. mayonii has been isolated from two vertebrate host species in Minnesota: field-caught white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque; Rodentia: Cricetidae) and American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben). Here, we describe the first detection of B. mayonii in field-caught eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus L. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)) from northern Wisconsin. During our study, we captured 530 unique small mammals and found an infection prevalence of 23.50% in field-caught eastern chipmunks (4/17) and 1.19% in Peromyscus spp. (5/420). Mean larval and nymphal burdens were determined for captured Blarina brevicauda (0, 0), Glaucomys volans (0.29, 0.14), Myodes gapperi (0.27, 0), Napaeozapus insignis (0, 0.25), Peromyscus spp. (1.88, 0.11), T. striatus (1.06, 0.65), and Sorex cinereus (0.09, 0). The high B. mayonii infection prevalence in eastern chipmunks suggests that the species may be an important reservoir for B. mayonii in the Upper Midwest.

Supercooling Points of Adult Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) From a Population Near the Northern Distribution Limit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E M Yunik ◽  
Neil B Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Established Population

Abstract The northern distributional limit of Dermacentor variabilis Say, the American dog tick, is expanding in Saskatchewan and Manitoba (western Canada). The ability of D. variabilis to continue to expand its range northwards will depend upon the ability of individuals within populations at the species distributional edge to withstand very low temperatures during winter. One component of cold hardiness is the supercooling point (SCP), the temperature below 0°C at which an individual freezes. In this study, the SCP was determined for 94 questing D. variabilis adults (44 females and 50 males) from an established population near Blackstrap Provincial Park in Saskatchewan. SCP values ranged from −18.2 to −6.7°C, with a median of −13.3°C. This suggests that host-seeking D. variabilis adults differ in their ability to survive exposure to subzero temperatures, for at least a short period of time, without freezing. The distribution of SCPs was bimodal, but there was no significant difference in SCP values between female and male ticks, and no relationship between SCP and tick body weight. It remains to be determined what factors contribute to the variation in SCP values among questing D. variabilis adults.

scholarly journals Tick Ecdysteroid Hormone, Global Microbiota/Rickettsia Signaling in the Ovary versus Carcass during Vitellogenesis in Part-Fed (Virgin) American Dog Ticks, Dermacentor variabilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Loganathan Ponnusamy ◽  
Haley Sutton ◽  
Robert D. Mitchell ◽  
Daniel E. Sonenshine ◽  
Charles S. Apperson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Total Bacteria

The transovarial transmission of tick-borne bacterial pathogens is an important mechanism for their maintenance in natural populations and transmission, causing disease in humans and animals. The mechanism for this transmission and the possible role of tick hormones facilitating this process have never been studied. Injections of physiological levels of the tick hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), into part-fed (virgin) adult females of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, attached to the host caused a reduction in density of Rickettsia montanensis in the carcass and an increase in the ovaries compared to buffer-injected controls. This injection initiates yolk protein synthesis and uptake by the eggs but has no effect on blood feeding. Francisella sp. and R. montanensis were the predominant bacteria based on the proportionality in the carcass and ovary. The total bacteria load increased in the carcass and ovaries, and bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas increased in the carcass after the 20E injection. The mechanism of how the Rickettsia species respond to changes in tick hormonal regulation needs further investigation. Multiple possible mechanisms for the proliferation of R. montanensis in the ovaries are proposed.

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