Recent porcupine expansion at tree line: a dendroecological analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Erethizon Dorsatum ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Marginal Forest ◽  
The 19Th Century

The northernmost porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum L.) populations in the western part of northern Quebec are found at tree line along the Hudson Bay coast. A dendrochronological analysis of feeding scars produced during the dormant period indicates that this species expanded significantly during the 20th century, particularly during the last 25 years. Confined to small, marginal forest sites during the 19th century, porcupine range increased afterwards and climaxed during the 1960's and 1970's with the occupance of remote altitudinal tundra sites. This change in porcupine range coincides with the area where white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) expanded during the last 100 years because of climatic warming. It is hypothesized that porcupine populations responded to climate change with a time lag of several decades associated with forest-niche building.

scholarly journals Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
K. Nicolussi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Glacier Advance

As glaciers in the Canadian Rockies recede, glacier forefields continue to yield subfossil wood from sites overridden by these glaciers during the Holocene. Robson Glacier in British Columbia formerly extended below tree line, and recession over the last century has progressively revealed a number of buried forest sites that are providing one of the more complete records of glacier history in the Canadian Rockies during the latter half of the Holocene. The glacier was advancing ca. 5.5 km upvalley of the Little Ice Age terminus ca. 5.26 cal ka BP, at sites ca. 2 km upvalley ca. 4.02 cal ka BP and ca. 3.55 cal ka BP, and 0.5–1 km upvalley between 1140 and 1350 A.D. There is also limited evidence based on detrital wood of an additional period of glacier advance ca. 3.24 cal ka BP. This record is more similar to glacier histories further west in British Columbia than elsewhere in the Rockies and provides the first evidence for a post-Hypsithermal glacier advance at ca. 5.26 cal ka BP in the Rockies. The utilization of the wiggle-matching approach using multiple 14C dates from sample locations determined by dendrochronological analyses enabled the recognition of 14C outliers and an increase in the precision and accuracy of the dating of glacier advances.

Les coupes forestières dans les pessières à lichens: effets sur la croissance et la régénération des conifères (Whapmagoostui, Québec subarctique)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Delwaide ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Tree Harvesting

In the Whapmagoostui area (east of Hudson Bay), tree harvesting by Crée Indians in lichen woodlands affects the form and the growth of surviving trees and also the forest population dynamics. A study of the growth form of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) that have been pruned shows the efficiency of a total traumatic reiteration process. After several years, the annual radial growth was equivalent to that recorded before pruning. In clear-cutting areas (more than 75% of trees removed), the increase in the radial growth of spared trees was 400 to 700%. The main factors that govern the success of regeneration in cutting areas are the rather small extension of the openings (<0.005 km2), the low intensity of tree harvesting (<75% of trees over 90% of the surface), the physical conditions of the lichenous ground cover and the abundance of the lignified debris after clearing vegetation, and the climatic conditions in the subsequent years.

A woolly mammoth (Proboscidea, Mammuthus primigenius) molar from the Hudson Bay Lowland of Manitoba

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nielsen ◽  
C. S. Churcher ◽  
G. E. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Mammuthus Primigenius ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Enamel Thickness ◽  
Hudson Bay Lowland ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

The first fossil mammal from the Hudson Bay Lowland of Manitoba, a molar from the woolly or Siberian mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, is described from near Bird. A lophar index of 9.0 and an enamel thickness of 1.5–2.3 mm allow the tooth to be assigned to an early form of the species. Although in situ provenance of the molar is unknown, it is likely that the molar derives from Early Wisconsinan or Sangamon sediments that outcrop in the area. A boreal steppe or steppe–tundra environment is indicated by the presence of woolly mammoth, supporting a depositional environment north of the then tree line previously established for the Nelson River sediments.

John Hubert Craigie, 8 December 1887 - 26 February 1989

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oral History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mortal Danger ◽  
The Way

John Hubert Craigie was descended from Scottish crofters. His grandfather, William Craigie, the son of Hugh Craigie of Rousay, was born on Rousay, Orkneys, in 1810, and died in Canada in 1901. Life was difficult in Scotland early in the 19th century. Like many of his fellow Orkneymen, William Craigie emigrated to Canada as an indentured employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, probably in the 1830s. In the course of his duties he crossed Canada two or three times, travelling out of York Factory on Hudson Bay. The family oral history is that William could not abide the way the Company treated native peoples; factors were expected to ply the natives with liquor and then ‘purchase’ furs for a pittance. As an ‘indentured servant’ he would be in mortal danger from the colonial authorities if he tried to leave, but he took an opportunity to escape via the USA and returned home to the Orkneys. There he married Jean Mainland. Because they could not get permission to marry on Rousay, they eloped by rowboat to be married in another village. William and Jean later emigrated to Canada, reaching the port of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in June 1842 after sailing on the barque Superior for 51 days from Thurso, Caithness.

Morphological and physiological attributes of root systems and seedling growth in three different Picea glauca reforestation stock

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Krasowski ◽  
J N Owens
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
System Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Forest Sites

The relationship between certain morphological characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) planting stock (STK) and post-planting seedling performance was evaluated. Root system size at planting, its expansion, and its capacity to conduct water during the first post-planting weeks were determined. These characteristics were related to the performance of STK planted on two forest sites and measured for three growing seasons and to the performance of seedlings grown in large wooden boxes buried in the soil outdoors for one growing season (grown without competition from other vegetation). The compared STK were (i) polystyroblock grown, (ii) polystyroblock grown with chemical root pruning, and (iii) peat-board grown with mechanical root pruning. After three growing seasons on forest sites, seedlings with mechanically pruned roots grew more above ground than did seedlings from polystyroblock containers. This difference in seedling growth performance was even more significant for seedlings grown in wooden boxes. Of these, the mechanically pruned seedlings grew more not only above the ground but they also produced larger root systems by the end of the first growing season. This was despite the initially significantly smaller root systems of mechanically pruned seedlings, compared with the other two STK. Early (5-7 weeks after planting) post-planting root expansion patterns in the three STK were significantly different, with the roots of mechanically pruned seedlings growing less than the roots in the other two STK. In spite of this, pressure-probe measured hydraulic conductivity and water flux through root systems increased during the first post-planting weeks in mechanically pruned seedlings while declining or changing little in the other two STK. It was concluded that root system size at planting and its early post-planting expansion did not relate well to the root system hydraulic properties or to the post-planting seedling growth performance.

A dendroecological analysis of eastern larch (Larixlaricina) in subarctic Quebec

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Arquillière ◽  
Louise Filion ◽  
K. Gajewski ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Long Term Variations

Two new dendrochronological series of eastern larch (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) from subarctic Quebec extend from 1710 to 1987 (Whapmagoostui–Kuujjuarapik, eastern Hudson Bay) and from 1596 to 1978 (Rivière aux Feuilles, western Ungava). In both regions, the tree-ring series show similar long-term variations. Generally, conditions were more favorable for growth at the end of the 19th century and during the 20th century than before. A comparison of several larch and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) tree-ring series from northern Quebec indicates significant shared variance between regions and species. Larch chronologies show two important depressions during the 20th century, between 1905–1908 and 1940–1946, which are more obvious in the two series from the southern forest–tundra than in the series from Ungava. These may be caused by outbreaks of the larch sawfly, Pristiphoraerichsonii (Htg.).

scholarly journals Have geographical influences and changing abundance led to sub-population structure in the Ahiak caribou herd, Nunavut, Canada?

Rangifer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Gunn ◽  
Kim G. Poole ◽  
Jack Wierzchowski ◽  
John S. Nishi ◽  
Jan Adamczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
North Central ◽  
Population Scale ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Individual

We examined the premise that changing abundance and environmental conditions influence the seasonal dispersion and distribution of migratory tundra caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). The Ahiak herd’s (north-central Nunavut Territory, Canada) calving shifted from dispersed on islands to gregarious calving on the mainland coast. As abundance further increased, the calving ground elongated east and west such that we proposed a longitudinal climate gradient. As well, the calving ground’s east and west ends are different distances from the tree-line, which dips south closer to Hudson Bay. We proposed that whether caribou winter on the tundra or within boreal forest and the different climate across the long calving ground could contribute to differential survival and productivity such that sub-population structure would result. At the scale of the individual cows (identified through satellite-collars), we did not find inter-annual spatial fidelity to either the western or eastern parts of the calving ground. At the population scale (aerial surveys of calving distribution), we also did not find discontinuities in calving distribution. The spatial association of individual cows during calving compared with their association during the rut was inconsistent among years, but overall, cows that calve together, rut together. At this time and with the available evidence, we could not infer sub-population structure from shifts in dispersion and distribution as influenced by geography and changes in abundance for the Ahiak herd.

scholarly journals Holocene tree-line variability in the Kauner Valley, Central Eastern Alps, indicated by dendrochronological analysis of living trees and subfossil logs

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Nicolussi ◽  
Matthias Kaufmann ◽  
Gernot Patzelt ◽  
Johannes Plicht van der ◽  
Andrea Thurner
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Central Eastern

Spatiotemporal variation in black spruce cone and seed crops along a boreal forest - tree line transect

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Sirois
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Filled Seeds

To assess the relationship between the regenerative potential of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and the latitudinal and thermal gradients, the cone crop was monitored in the same selection of trees during the 1989-1995 period in the northern boreal forest (sites A, n = 49, and B, n = 48), in the southern forest-tundra transition zone (site C, n = 35), and at the tree line (site D, n = 21). The size of the cone crop, the amount of seeds extracted per cone, along with the percentages of filled seed and germination were measured on each tree. There was no south to north trend associated with the cone crop. The cone crop at tree line was not significantly lower than in either of the southerly sites in six of the seven observed years. The number of seeds extracted per cone, the percentage of filled seeds, and the germination of filled seeds showed significant decrease northward according to year. Although there was no significant relationship between temperature and the cone production over the study area, the percentages of filled seeds and germination were significantly (0.51 [Formula: see text] r2 [Formula: see text] 0.44; p < 0.001) associated with the regional variation in heat sum.

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