Les coupes forestières dans les pessières à lichens: effets sur la croissance et la régénération des conifères (Whapmagoostui, Québec subarctique)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Delwaide ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Tree Harvesting

In the Whapmagoostui area (east of Hudson Bay), tree harvesting by Crée Indians in lichen woodlands affects the form and the growth of surviving trees and also the forest population dynamics. A study of the growth form of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) that have been pruned shows the efficiency of a total traumatic reiteration process. After several years, the annual radial growth was equivalent to that recorded before pruning. In clear-cutting areas (more than 75% of trees removed), the increase in the radial growth of spared trees was 400 to 700%. The main factors that govern the success of regeneration in cutting areas are the rather small extension of the openings (<0.005 km2), the low intensity of tree harvesting (<75% of trees over 90% of the surface), the physical conditions of the lichenous ground cover and the abundance of the lignified debris after clearing vegetation, and the climatic conditions in the subsequent years.

Zonation des conditions d'enneigement en toundra forestière, Baie d'Hudson, Nouveau-Québec

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Payette ◽  
Jacques Ouzilleau ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Snow Properties ◽  
Latitudinal Pattern ◽  
Snow Conditions

Data on snow depth and snow density of various forest–tundra coniferous stands are presented in this paper. A latitudinal pattern in snow conditions is observed in the forest–tundra environment, as predicted from the facts that are obtained when this phytogeographical region is subdivided, firstly, into a forested subzone in the southern part and a shrub subzone (or krummholz) in the northern part and, secondly, into a maritime ecoclimatic area near Hudson Bay and a continental ecoclimatic area inland. The most snowy coniferous stands are located in the shrub subzone; snow density rises gradually from the taiga to the tundra. The highest values in snow properties are found in the maritime ecoclimatic area. These data suggest the following observations: (1) maximum snow depth measured in the northern part of the forest–tundra is explained by an increase of barren ground cover and by the presence of more open coniferous stands, which favor snow drifting and snow trapping; (2) the gradual increase in snow density is related to more rigorous climatic conditions; wind exposure is rather important since these sites are getting more open; and (3) the differences in snow conditions between the ecoclimatic areas show that the maritime environment is more windy; the presence of scattered and erected white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in various krummholz formations in that area favors more efficient snow traps than those of krummholz formations located in the continental area. The latter is dominated by prostrate and erect black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) always densely agglomerated. The latitudinal pattern in snow conditions reflects the climatic conditions of the forest–tundra, and this determines the specific ecological distribution of coniferous stands.

Recurrence of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks for Two Hundred Years in Western Quebec

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Profiles

The history of spruce bubworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks for the past two hundred years in the Ottawa River Valley in Quebec was retraced through radial-growth studies on old white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench)) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees. The radial-growth profiles clearly indicate three suppression periods resulting from outbreaks that occurred in the twentieth century, each starting about 1910, 1940 and 1967. There is no evidence of an outbreak during the nineteenth century in this region. However, a reduction in radial-growth starting in 1783 observed on the only three specimens of white spruce over 200 years old, has the characteristics of that caused by a budworm outbreak. An interval of 127 years between this and the 1910 outbreak is similar to other long intervals between outbreaks recorded prior to the twentieth century for some other regions in eastern Canada.

Dendroclimatic response of a coastal alpine treeline ecotone: a multispecies perspective from LabradorThis article is a contribution to the series Tree recruitment, growth, and distribution at the circumpolar forest–tundra transition.

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trindade ◽  
T. Bell ◽  
C. P. Laroque ◽  
J. D. Jacobs ◽  
L. Hermanutz
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Alpine Treeline ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Coastal alpine forests are highly vulnerable to oceanic climate trends, yet these diverse environmental interactions remain poorly understood. We used a multispecies perspective to try to better assess the radial growth response of alpine treeline species within the Northeast Atlantic region of North America to climate variables using bootstrapped correlation analysis. The four species present, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) were sampled in an effort to capture tree–climate sensitivity that is representative of this entire alpine treeline. The climate–growth relationships of spruce trees were comparable with those reported in other Labrador studies, but spring drought sensitivity as reported for coastal northern white spruce trees was not observed. Rather, high levels of precipitation suggest that drought did not limit the radial growth of any of the four species. The relatively small number of statistically significant correlations between monthly climate variables and fir and larch trees suggests that factors other than climate limit their radial growth. The multispecies approach better highlighted the range of species-specific relationships between alpine treeline forests and maritime climates (monthly temperature and precipitation) found at the treeline ecotone.

Patterns of tree stem decline along a snow-drift gradient at treeline: a case study using stem analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1671-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Payette ◽  
Ann Delwalde ◽  
Claude Morneau ◽  
Claude Lavole
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tree Stem

Current hypotheses on conifer tree stem degradation at treeline indicate the influence of frost desiccation caused by dehydration of wind-exposed needles above the snowpack because of frozen soil or wind abrasion. Here, we examine, in an exploratory study, the potential of detailed stem analysis to identify other causal factors at a subarctic treeline site using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) trees distributed along a wind-exposure gradient and showing various degrees of stem damage, from the normal, conical growth form to the mat growth form. Temporal patterns of stem development revealed a relatively integrated growth system within the tree as long as the normal arborescent form was maintained. With the gradual loss of the normal form owing to defoliation, the growth system of the damaged trees became fragmented into a wind-exposed (west–ast), horizontal component and a vertical (below–bove snowpack) component outlined by the asymmetric development of stem and foliage. Although cool growing seasons reduce tree-ring growth, frost events in July appear also influential, possibly when killing frosts occur during bud break. The impact of such abrupt events may have a long-enduring influence on radial growth, a factor much neglected in dendroclimatological studies of boreal and subarctic environments. Stem degradation may be initiated by the changing position of the snowpack line associated with variable snow precipitation during several consecutive years, thus inducing a shifting erosional zone along the stem most effective when temperatures are below average, i.e., likely the result of mechanical defoliation caused by the synergistic influence of snow and ice abrasion during blizzards and severe windchill conditions on the brittle, cold-exposed needles. Our results suggest that sustained winter defoliation at treeline has an overwhelming influence on subsequent radial growth. More dendroecological studies and experimental field work are needed to test our conclusions. Keywords: stem analysis, treeline, black spruce, winter defoliation, tree rings, subarctic.

Downward Migration of Coastal Conifers as a Response to Recent Land Emergence in Eastern Hudson Bay, Québec

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bégin ◽  
Dominique Bérubé ◽  
Martin Grégoire
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
High Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Shoreline Retreat ◽  
Bay Area

AbstractPostglacial uplift in the eastern Hudson Bay area is among the most rapid in the world (300 m during the last 8000 yr). Although emergence curves based on 14 C-dated raised shorelines give a consistent basis for modeling relative sea-level changes, such a low-resolution dating method is inappropriate for estimating trends over recent decades. A major downward displacement of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and tamarack (Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch) occurred on protected shores as a response to shoreline retreat during this century. Analysis of the age distribution of trees indicates a progradation of white spruce and tamarack on gently sloping terrain ranging from 1.3 and 2.6 cm/yr, respectively, toward the sea. Improvement of climatic conditions during the 20th century favored such expansion which was probably faster than the real land emergence rates, but recent episodes of high water levels caused regression of forest margins over the highly exposed shores. Nevertheless, the downward trend of the treeline over this century substantiates the projections of 14C-dated coastal emergence curves during the modern period (1.0 to 1.3 cm/yr) by providing an estimate of the maximum rates of shoreline retreat.

DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN ARTIFICIAL PLANTINGS OF NUR-SULTAN CITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N. Kabanov ◽  
◽  
S.A. Kabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Green Zone

Dendrochronological analysis was carried out in forest cultures of Pinus sylvestris of different ages growing in the green zone of Nur-Sultan city. It was found that the value of the annual radial growth is subject to a cycle with a period of 10-11 years. This is due to climatic conditions, in particular, with periods of solar insolation, which is confirmed by researches of other authors.

Evoluzione della copertura vegetale in aree alpestri del Canton Ticino nel periodo 1971–2001 | Evolution of Vegetation Cover in the Alpine Regions of Canton Tessin: 1971–2001

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Stanga ◽  
Niklaus Zbinden
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Site Fertility ◽  
Strong Expansion ◽  
Evolution Of Vegetation

The retrospective study based on aerial photos (1971–2001) of the Canton Tessin made it possible to measure and analyze the evolution of the vegetation of eleven Alpine zones. The analysis shows a strong expansion of the arborescent vegetation and, at the same time, a decrease in other forms of ground cover (bush, shrub, meadow and unproductive spaces). Analysis of the data gives rise to the conjecture that the strong evolutionary dynamism evidenced by the areas under investigation is a result of the vast clearings carried out in past centuries to create pastures. Following the subsequent decrease in human pressure, nature today is attempting to rebalance the level of the biomass. These processes manifest themselves in different ways and with various intensity, depending on the interaction of numerous factors (e.g. climatic conditions, site fertility, initial conditions, evolution of anthropological pressure, etc.).

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Norbert Szymański ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Elements

The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.

Radial Growth Decline of White Spruce (Picea glauca) During Hot Summers without Drought: Preliminary Results from a Study Site South of a Boreal Forest Border

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lapenis ◽  
George Robinson ◽  
Gregory B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Hot Days

Here we investigate the possible<sup></sup> future response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013-2017. Results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 oC. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013-2017 average. However, in those same years the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 versus 100 day), radial growth season. Abundant (350-500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20-30% allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded daily average of 30<sup> o</sup>C that lead to photoinhibition.

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