Microclimate variability and the eurythermic nature of goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Four insect species inhabit ball galls on goldenrod plants (Solidago sp.) for several months of the year. These sites are highly exposed and conceivably undergo wide fluctuations in temperature on a daily basis. I recorded temperature profiles for galls in western New York between September and November. The capacities of a gall inhabitant (Eurosta solidaginis larvae) to endure high temperature and freezing were also recorded during this period. I noted considerable and concurrent variation in air temperature and gall temperature. Diurnal radiant heating augmented changes in gall temperature so that their daily variations often ranged between 25 and 29 °C. From September to November, Eurosta larvae tolerated 24-h exposures to 35.5 °C and freezing at −6.5 °C. In the latter case, this occurred despite the lack of any appreciable accumulation of cryoprotectants in September and October. Greater freeze tolerance was gained by November (100% survival at −15.5 °C), when hemolymph osmolality increased 60% to 722 mosmol. This study demonstrates the extremely eurythermal nature of ball galls and the highly developed capacities of gall inhabitants to survive extreme temperatures.

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Effect of Environmental Pollutants PM2.5, CO, NO2, and O3 on the Incidence and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Five Regions of the USA

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7810

Author(s):

Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽

Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf ◽

Omar Mohammed Alessa ◽

Abdulrahman Saad Alarifi ◽

Waqas Sami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New Mexico ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Daily Basis ◽

First Case ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Unit Increase ◽

The Usa

In recent decades, environmental pollution has become a significant international public problem in developing and developed nations. Various regions of the USA are experiencing illnesses related to environmental pollution. This study aims to investigate the association of four environmental pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3), with daily cases and deaths resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection in five regions of the USA, Los Angeles, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Florida. The daily basis concentrations of PM2.5, CO, NO2, and O3 were documented from two metrological websites. Data were obtained from the date of the appearance of the first case of (SARS-CoV-2) in the five regions of the USA from 13 March to 31 December 2020. Regionally (Los Angeles, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Florida), the number of cases and deaths increased significantly along with increasing levels of PM2.5, CO, NO2 and O3 (p < 0.05), respectively. The Poisson regression results further depicted that, for each 1 unit increase in PM2.5, CO, NO2 and O3 levels, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections significantly increased by 0.1%, 14.8%, 1.1%, and 0.1%, respectively; for each 1 unit increase in CO, NO2, and O3 levels, the number of deaths significantly increased by 4.2%, 3.4%, and 1.5%, respectively. These empirical estimates demonstrate an association between the environmental pollutants PM2.5, CO, NO2, and O3 and SARS-CoV-2 infections, showing that they contribute to the incidence of daily cases and daily deaths in the five different regions of the USA. These findings can inform health policy decisions about combatting the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in these USA regions and internationally by supporting a reduction in environmental pollution.

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The Temperature Profiles Along Heating-Strips in High Temperature Chambers for XRD

Advances in X-Ray Analysis ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-2972-9_46 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 403-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Ebner ◽

M. Mantler ◽

F. Weber

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Profiles

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URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

Proceedings 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age ◽

10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6020 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Vicente Collado Capilla ◽

Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Tall Buildings ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Landscape Assessment ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Cultural Issues ◽

Strategic Element ◽

The City

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment. References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.

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High Temperature High Resolution Metallography edited by H.I. Aaronson and G.S. Ansell, Gordon & Breach, Science Publishers, New York, 1967, 381 pages.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1959) ◽

10.1016/0368-1874(68)89035-5 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

J Farr

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

High Temperature ◽

High Resolution

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Mn-Mg disordering in cummingtonite: a high-temperature neutron powder diffraction study

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/002646100549166 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. J. Reece ◽

S. A. T. Redfern ◽

M. D. Welch ◽

C. M. B. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Phase Transition ◽

New York ◽

High Temperature ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽

Site Preference ◽

A Site

AbstractThe crystal structure of a manganoan cummingtonite, composition [M4](Na0.13Ca0.41Mg0.46Mn1.00) [M1,2,3](Mg4.87Mn0.13)(Si8O22)(OH)2, (Z = 2), a = 9.5539(2) Å, b = 18.0293(3) Å, c = 5.2999(1) Å, β = 102.614(2)° from Talcville, New York, has been refined at high temperature using in situ neutron powder diffraction. The P21/m to C2/m phase transition, observed as spontaneous strains +ε1 = −ε2, occurs at ˜107°C. Long-range disordering between Mg2+ and Mn2+ on the M(4) and M(2) sites occurs above 550°C. Mn2+ occupies the M(4) and M(2) sites preferring M(4) with a site-preference energy of 24.6±1.5 kJ mol−1. Disordering induces an increase in XMnM2 and decrease in XMnM4 at elevated temperatures. Upon cooling, the ordered states of cation occupancy are ‘frozen in’ and strains in lattice parameters are maintained, suggesting that re-equilibration during cooling has not taken place.

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LOSS OF TLD SIGNAL DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Andrew Villanueva ◽

Braden Goddard

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

High Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Light Output ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Extreme Temperatures

Abstract While it is known that temperatures above 100°C have an effect on the reported dose of a TLD, it is less widely known what the susceptibility is to temperatures below 100°C, temperatures humans could reasonably expect to be exposed to. With the expanding nuclear industry in climates with more extreme temperatures, (e.g. United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia) the effect on a TLD if left on a dashboard of a car need to be evaluated. This research experimentally determined the extent of this thermal susceptibility by testing a range of high temperatures, 40°C – 90°C. The experimental results found that there is a statistically significant reduction in TLD-100H (natLiF:Mg,Cu,P) light output for TLDs there were exposed to temperatures as low as 40°C for 8 hour durations and 50°C for 2 hour durations. There is statistical difference in TLD-100H light output for elevated temperature durations of 8 hours compared to 24 hours.

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