Development of temperature regulation in young birds: evidence for a vocal regulatory mechanism in two species of gulls (Laridae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra O. Wiebe ◽  
Roger M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Larus Delawarensis ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature

Endothermic thermoregulation is absent in birds until after hatching, and usually requires several hours or days to become fully functional in the young. Cold-induced vocalizations that elicit brooding by a cooperative parent or surrogate constitute an additional thermoregulatory mechanism potentially available to neonates of some avian and probably some mammalian species. We show that newly hatched ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus) exposed in the laboratory to moderate chilling (20 °C) had a significantly improved ability to regulate body temperature when rewarmed (34 °C) for brief, 4-min periods in response to cold-induced vocalizations. Spontaneous calling by unchilled yoked controls was ineffective in maintaining body temperature. When chicks reached 3 days of age, vocally regulated temperaturee did not differ from that attained by thermogenesis, but vocally induced periods of rewarming reduced the duration of temperature challenge. The ability to regulate body temperature through vocalizations precedes the development of endothermy in gulls and other species so far examined, and in some species extends functional thermoregulation back to the late embryonic (pipped egg) stage of development.

The identification and morphological variation of Diplostomum baeri bucculentum from two gull species, using metacercarial infections from least cisco from the Northwest Territories

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W. Shostak ◽  
Jean C. Tompkins ◽  
Terry A. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Larus Delawarensis

Metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum, recovered from the eyes of the least cisco, Coregonus sardinella, were used to experimentally infect chicks of ring-billed gulls, Larus delawarensis, and herring gulls, Larus argentatus. Adults recovered from the intestine of these gulls were identified as Diplostomum baeri bucculentum based on size characteristics and the position of the anterior margin of the vitellaria to at least the level of the ventral sucker. An analysis of morphological characters from 258 gravid specimens showed a greater range in measurements than previously reported for this species. Moreover, characters such as egg numbers and size and shape components were strongly influenced by host effects. There does not appear to be the extensive geographic variability in morphology that is known for other helminth groups.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG-INDUCED CHANGES IN BRAIN AMINES AND BODY TEMPERATURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse J. Ingenito ◽  
Desmond D. Bonnycastle
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Body Temperature Regulation ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes

To test the previously reported theory that changes in brain amine levels caused by drugs would lead to disturbances in body temperature regulation, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in the whole brain of male albino rats were determined after the animals were treated with drugs and then exposed to room temperature or elevated temperatures of 37 or 40 °C. Control experiments with untreated animals were run in parallel. The drugs used were reserpine, α-methyl-m-tyrosine (MMT), 4-chloro-N-methyl-amphetamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (dopa), 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan (5-HTP), chlorpromazine, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results indicated that amine levels of the brain could be increased or decreased pharmacologically without a significant interference in body temperature regulation, and also that certain drugs which interfered with body temperature regulation did so without any effect on whole-brain amine levels. It was concluded that, in the rat, there were no clear-cut relationships between whole-brain 5-hydroxytryptamine or noradrenaline levels and the ability to regulate body temperature.

scholarly journals The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and waking in laboratory mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ge Huang ◽  
Sarah J Flaherty ◽  
Carina A Pothecary ◽  
Russell G Foster ◽  
Stuart N Peirson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Metabolic Suppression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

scholarly journals The herring gull Larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of Salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Coulson ◽  
J. Butterfield ◽  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Wintering Area

SUMMARYThis paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of Salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in Scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. The breeding area in Scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in N.E. England is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. This pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of S. montevideo in herring gulls just before their departure from the wintering area and the timing of the return just before the peak of outbreaks are all circumstantial evidence implicating this gull in the outbreaks. The rapid return of these gulls to their breeding areas means that S. montevideo can be transported long distances in one day and raises the possibility that the original source of S. montevideo could have been in N. E. England rather than in Scotland.

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