Reproductive isolating mechanisms between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia, Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Aspinwall ◽  
John D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

Since at least 1952, the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, have engaged in extensive hybridization (5.7–14.1% of the combined gene pools) in Stave Lake, British Columbia. A research project initiated in 1966 and continued to 1991 demonstrated that genetic swamping of the two species has not occurred. A study was conducted to determine the strength of premating and postmating isolating mechanisms between these two species. Temporal isolation is weak because both species had spawning periods in Devils Creek that overlapped by approximately 1.5 months. Also, both species spawned at night, and only on nights preceded by a sunny day. Both species were group spawners and both spawned on the first riffle of Devils Creek. Hybrid sterility is not well developed. While male F1 hybrids have low fertility, female F1 hybrids are as fertile as females of either species and would allow swamping if other postmating mechanisms were not operating. Hybrid inferiority was examined by laboratory experiments in which we measured survival of fingerling hybrids. While F1 hybrids displayed survival equal to that of M. caurinus, hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus showed a 20% lower survival rate than M. caurinus. Also, hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus included a significant proportion (8.4%) of deformed individuals.

Reproductive Isolation and the Integrity of Two Sympatric Species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Mechanical Isolation

According to Dobzhansky (1951a, p. 262) “Species are … groups of populations the gene exchange between which is limited or prevented by one, or by a combination of several, reproductive isolating mechanisms”. This definition follows from his concept of a species not as a static unit but as a stage in the process of evolutionary divergence. Limitation or prevention of gene exchange is a property of geographic and reproductive isolation (Mayr, 1912), the various types of which Dobzhansky lists as follows:I. Geographic or Spatial IsolationII. Reproductive IsolationA. Ecological IsolationB. Seasonal or Temporal IsolationC. Sexual, Psychological or Ethnological IsolationD. Mechanical IsolationE. Gametic IsolationF. Hybrid InviabilityG. Hybrid SterilityH. Hybrid Breakdown

The ecology of hybrids between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Aspinwall ◽  
Douglas Carpenter ◽  
Judy Bramble
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

Extensive hybridization between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia, provided an opportunity to examine the ecology of hybrid fishes over a 26-year period. Spatial distribution and feeding ecology of the hybrids were compared with those of the parental species. At Stave Lake, M. caurinus was primarily oriented to the limnetic zone at all depths, while R. balteatus was oriented to surface waters in the littoral zone. The hybrids (F1 hybrids and hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus combined) mimicked the M. caurinus pattern, being significantly more abundant in the limnetic zone. Adult M. caurinus consumed primarily zooplankton with occasional adult insects, while R. balteatus consumed primarily adult insects. The diet of hybrids was not significantly different from that of M. caurinus; they consumed large quantities of zooplankton and some insects.

A long-term study of hybridization between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Aspinwall ◽  
John D. McPhail ◽  
Allan Larson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

Hybridizing populations of the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, from Stave Lake, British Columbia, were examined three times over a 26-year interval to determine (i) whether swamping or introgression was occurring, (ii) whether the hybrids were being continually produced, and (iii) whether the composition of the hybrid population was constant. The hybrids were present at all three sampling periods with a rate of hybridization of 5.7% in 1966–1967, 14.1% in 1982, and 6.7% in 1991. F1 hybrids comprised no less than 80% of the hybrids at each sampling period. The remaining hybrids were mostly hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed that F1 hybrids were produced by females of both species, although not in equal proportions each year. Hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus were more abundant as fingerlings than as adults, suggesting that selection is operating against them. After a 26-year interval, no evidence of swamping was detected when diagnostic morphological characters were employed. An analysis of allozyme data suggests that introgression is not occurring. The continued production of the hybrids over the three sampling periods suggests continuity in the environmental factors responsible for hybridization. Likewise, the greater proportion of F1 hybrids than backcrosses over the three sampling periods suggests a continued selective disadvantage of the backcrosses.

VARIATION IN ANAL FIN RAY COUNT OF THE REDSIDE SHINER RICHARDSONIUS BALTEATUS (RICHARDSON)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Different Parts

Anal fin rays were counted on 4766 specimens of Richardsonius balteatus from 61 localities in British Columbia. Individual counts varied from 10 to 21, and mean counts of different populations varied from 12.06 to 17.51. Significant differences in counts occurred between different bodies of water, between recently introduced populations and their parent stock, between different parts of the same lake, and between different year classes. Ray counts tended to be higher amongst females in populations with high over-all means, and higher amongst males in populations with low over-all means. A positive correlation was demonstrated between water temperatures recorded in the vicinity of developing fry and the mean numbers of anal rays produced. Within each latitudinal zone a similar correlation occurred between mean ray count and average air temperature during the spawning season, but data on 109 means of populations in U.S.A. and Canada indicated a tendency, probably genetic, towards production, at equivalent temperature, of higher ray count towards the northern end of the range. Loose correlations between anal ray count and certain other morphological characteristics suggest that these may be dependent on more or less common environmental factors but are not linked by direct causality.

scholarly journals Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detection of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) from environmental DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshal S. Hoy ◽  
Carl O. Ostberg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

Abstract Objective A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) environmental DNA (eDNA) was designed as a side product of a larger project aimed at using eDNA to determine the presence and geographic extent of native and non-native fishes in the reservoirs and associated tributaries above the three mainstem dams (Ross, Diablo, Gorge) on the Skagit River, Washington, USA. The eDNA survey results can be used to help guide additional sampling efforts that include traditional sampling methods, such as electrofishing and netting. Results The redside shiner qPCR assay (RSSCOI_540-601) was validated by testing for sensitivity using redside shiner genomic DNA from three different populations and by testing for specificity against 30 potentially sympatric species. No non-target amplification was observed in our validation tests. We then evaluated the assay on field-collected water samples where there are known populations of redside shiner and a negative control site where the target species is known to be absent. The field-collected water samples tested positive at the redside shiner sites and tested negative at the negative control site. The assay could provide resource managers with an effective means for surveying and monitoring redside shiner populations.

Redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) shoals provide a behavioral competitive refuge for subordinate juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A Tinus ◽  
Gordon H Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

We examined the relative effects of zero, three, and nine redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) on the aggression-related damage among three juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in aquaria at 15 and 20°C. No steelhead died when in the presence of nine redside shiner. When redside shiner were not present, mortality among the smallest steelhead was 80%. Thus, the survival of smaller juvenile steelhead was significantly enhanced by the presence of redside shiner. A second experiment was conducted in 6800-L stream channels at 15°C with natural substrate. In separate trials, 10 and 7 steelhead were held either alone or with 20 redside shiner. In the absence of redside shiner, fin damage was significantly greater among smaller steelhead. In both experiments, if a redside shiner group was present, the smallest steelhead frequently took refuge within the shiner group, thereby avoiding attack by dominant steelhead. We have termed this phenomenon a behavioural competitive refuge.

Spatial and temporal isolating mechanisms: the formation of discrete breeding aggregations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hendry ◽  
Frank E. Leonetti ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Operational Sex Ratios

This study examined the spatial and temporal isolation of breeding aggregations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) along a single island beach in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. The density and spatial extent of these aggregations varied among years, but one of the sites (Fuel Dump Point) was consistently separated from another major spawning area (Fuel Dump Bay) by at least 15 m of unused but generally similar habitat. Females settled first at the Point and this site supported higher spawner densities than the adjacent Bay. Male breeding opportunity, estimated from operational sex ratios, was higher in the Bay soon after spawning commenced. However, few males moved from the Point into the Bay and all movement that occurred was late in the season, when breeding opportunities for males were very limited. The reproductive success of males that moved from the Bay to the Point was estimated to be 0.003% of the total reproductive success of all males at the Point. The reproductive success of males that moved from the Point to the Bay was estimated to be 3% of the total reproductive success of all males at the Bay. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in settling largely isolated the two spawning aggregations within a breeding season. We suggest that variation in habitat quality may interact with the heritability of spawning date, contributing to the formation of distinct breeding groups.

Myxobolid parasites (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infecting fishes of western Montana, with notes on histopathology, seasonality, and intraspecific variation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Prosopium Williamsoni ◽  
Catostomus Macrocheilus ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus ◽  
Cyst Rupture ◽  
Longnose Sucker

Cypriniform and salmonid fishes of the Columbia River drainage of western Montana harbor five members of the myxozoan family Myxobolidae. Myxobolus muelleri inhabits Ptychocheilus oregonensis (northern squawfish), Mylocheilus caurinus (peamouth), Richardsonius balteatus (redside shiner), and Catostomus macrocheilus (largescale sucker). Cysts appeared in gills, musculature, subcutis, and visceral mesenteries. Unencysted spores infiltrated mesenteries and viscera. Spore size and shape in the various tissues and hosts were highly varied. Muscle and subcutaneous cysts were associated with connective tissue proliferation and muscle degeneration; cyst rupture was associated with diffuse inflammation and rodlet cell proliferation. Infection prevalence in muscles and kidneys was high in adult and juvenile hosts (78–100%) throughout the year. Seasonal prevalence of gill and subcutaneous infections fluctuated markedly. Cysts of Myxobolus dujardini occurred in gills of the northern squawfish, peamouth, and redside shiner. Unicauda sp. was found in the eye capsule, gall bladder, mesenteries, and kidney of northern squawfish. Henneguya zschokkei occurred in intermuscular connective tissue of Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish) and Prosopium williamsoni (mountain whitefish). Myxobolus sp. occurred in the gills of Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker).

Feeding Activity and Rates of Digestion of Northern Squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance W. Steigenberger ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus ◽  
Rapid Evacuation

Trapnet catches of northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) at Griffen and Cultus lakes, British Columbia, indicated peak activity and feeding in the twilight and dark hours. At Griffen Lake, squawfish force-fed 2.0 g of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus), and held at 17–20 C, digested at a rate of roughly 14%/h. At Cultus Lake, squawfish trapped during the peak of feeding activity, and held at 10–12 C, were sacrificed at 6-h intervals, and showed a digestion rate of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts of 14%/h. Larger fish ate larger volumes of food. Regression techniques are not completely adequate for describing the course of digestion, which apparently involves an initial period of retention of food, followed by a fairly rapid evacuation of most of the ingested material. Most fish cleared their stomach contents in 24 h, and one half had done so between 12 and 18 h. In the laboratory, squawfish force-fed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) had rates of digestion which increased with temperature, from about 5%/h at 4–6 C, to 40–50%/h at 24 C. Larger weights of food were digested at slower rates, but there were no consistent differences in rate of digestion by different sizes of squawfish.The rates of digestion are higher than those reported for various predatory European fishes.

scholarly journals Genome rearrangements and pervasive meiotic drive cause hybrid infertility in fission yeast

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Zanders ◽  
Michael T Eickbush ◽  
Jonathan S Yu ◽  
Ji-Won Kang ◽  
Kyle R Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Conflicts ◽  
Hybrid Infertility

Hybrid sterility is one of the earliest postzygotic isolating mechanisms to evolve between two recently diverged species. Here we identify causes underlying hybrid infertility of two recently diverged fission yeast species Schizosaccharomyces pombe and S. kambucha, which mate to form viable hybrid diploids that efficiently complete meiosis, but generate few viable gametes. We find that chromosomal rearrangements and related recombination defects are major but not sole causes of hybrid infertility. At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. Two of these driving loci are linked by a chromosomal translocation and thus constitute a novel type of paired meiotic drive complex. Our study reveals how quickly multiple barriers to fertility can arise. In addition, it provides further support for models in which genetic conflicts, such as those caused by meiotic drive alleles, can drive speciation.

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