The buccal capsule of Aduncospiculum halicti (Nemata: Diplogasterina): an ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic study

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Baldwin ◽  
C. D. Eddleman ◽  
R. M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
D. S. Williams ◽  
J. T. Vida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Cuticular Structures ◽  
Radial Muscle

The buccal capsule of Aduncospiculum halicti (Diplogasterina) is compared with that of Zeldia punctata (Cephalobina) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Rhabditina). Characters are mapped on an independent DNA-based phylogenetic tree (inferred from RNA polymerase II and rDNA sequences) to test evolutionary hypotheses. Irrespective of dimorphism, the buccal capsule wall of A. halicti consists of an anterior to posterior series of six cuticular structures classically termed rhabdions. These are defined according to their internal differentiations, discontinuities in profiles, and underlying tissues. Homologies of rhabdions 1 and 2 in A. halicti are proposed on the basis of position and association with adjacent tissues, consistent with those of Cephalobina and Rhabditina. Rhabdion 3 is associated with radial epithelial cells as is the mesorhabdion in C. elegans; this contrasts with Z. punctata, where a rhabdion in a similar position is associated with radial muscle cells. Dorsal and subventral teeth in A. halicti comprise rhabdions 4 and 5; this may be homologous with a corresponding region in Z. punctata but contrasts with C. elegans, where the corresponding region consists of a single metarhabdion. These characters, when mapped on the sequence-based tree, suggest that A. halicti and Diplogasterina share with C. elegans and other Rhabditina derived characters, including a mesorhabdion associated with epithelial cells, but retain some apparently primitive features shared with Cephalobina.

Phylogeny of snake trypanosomes inferred by SSU rDNA sequences, their possible transmission by phlebotomines, and taxonomic appraisal by molecular, cross-infection and morphological analysis

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. VIOLA ◽  
M. CAMPANER ◽  
C. S. A. TAKATA ◽  
R. C. FERREIRA ◽  
A. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

SUMMARYBlood examination by microhaematocrit and haemoculture of 459 snakes belonging to 37 species revealed 2·4% trypanosome prevalence in species of Viperidae (Crotalus durissusandBothrops jararaca) and Colubridae (Pseudoboa nigra). Trypanosome cultures fromC. durissusandP. nigrawere behaviourally and morphologically indistinguishable. In addition, the growth and morphological features of a trypanosome from the sand flyViannamyia tuberculatawere similar to those of snake isolates. Cross-infection experiments revealed a lack of host restriction, as snakes of 3 species were infected with the trypanosome fromC. durissus. Phylogeny based on ribosomal sequences revealed that snake trypanosomes clustered together with the sand fly trypanosome, forming a new phylogenetic lineage withinTrypanosomaclosest to a clade of lizard trypanosomes transmitted by sand flies†. The clade of trypanosomes from snakes and lizards suggests an association between the evolutionary histories of these trypanosomes and their squamate hosts. Moreover, data strongly indicated that these trypanosomes are transmitted by sand flies. The flaws of the current taxonomy of snake trypanosomes are discussed, and the need for molecular parameters to be adopted is emphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular phylogenetic study of snake trypanosomes.

Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samira Aliverdi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

scholarly journals A molecular phylogenetic study of the caecal fluke of poultry, Postharmostomum commutatum (= P. gallinum) (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 3927-3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa C. Valadão ◽  
Beatriz C. M. Silva ◽  
Danimar López-Hernández ◽  
Jackson V. Araújo ◽  
Sean A. Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Molecular phylogeny of Pemphiginae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1α sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThree traditional tribes of Fordini, Pemphigini and Eriosomatini comprise Pemphiginae, and there are two subtribes in Fordini and Pemphigini, respectively. Most of the species in this subfamily live heteroecious holocyclic lives with distinct primary host specificity. The three tribes of Pemphigini (except Prociphilina), Eriosomatini and Fordini use three families of plants, Salicaceae (Populus), Ulmaceae (Ulums) and Anacardiaceae (Pistacia and Rhus), as primary hosts, respectively, and form galls on them. Therefore, the Pemphigids are well known as gall makers, and their galls can be divided into true galls and pseudo-galls in type. We performed the first molecular phylogenetic study of Pemphiginae based on molecular data (EF-1α sequences). Results show that Pemphiginae is probably not a monophylum, but the monophyly of Fordini is supported robustly. The monophyly of Pemphigini is not supported, and two subtribes in it, Pemphigina and Prociphilina, are suggested to be raised to tribal level, equal with Fordini and Eriosomatini. The molecular phylogenetic analysis does not show definite relationships among the four tribes of Pemphiginae, as in the previous phylogenetic study based on morphology. It seems that the four tribes radiated at nearly the same time and then evolved independently. Based on this, we can speculate that galls originated independently four times in the four tribes, and there is no evidence to support that true galls are preceded by pseudo-galls, as in the case of thrips and willow sawflies.

scholarly journals Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Elson Felipe Sandoli Rossetto ◽  
Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Reproductive Characters

Several genera of Nyctaginaceae, currently merged under Pisonia, have been described for the Indo-Pacific region. Results from a recent molecular phylogenetic study of tribe Pisonieae showed that Pisonia is non-monophyletic and comprises three well-supported lineages: one including typical Pisonia and allies (Pisonia s.str.), a clade of species which corresponds to the original description of Ceodes and a third lineage whose single representative was formerly treated under the monotypic genus Rockia. Thus, as part of an effort to achieve a natural classification for tribe Pisonieae, this work proposes to re-establish Ceodes and Rockia to accommodate taxa with inconspicuous glands on anthocarps, recognising 21 species (20 for the former and one for the latter), of which 16 are new combinations: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. and Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. A general distribution of each species recognised in this work is also included, along with line drawings and colour pictures of representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia and an updated dichotomous key based on reproductive characters for the nine genera (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella and Rockia) comprising the tribe Pisonieae. Résumé Plusieurs genres de Nyctaginaceae actuellement fusionnés sous Pisonia ont été décrits pour la région Indo-Pacifique. Les résultats d’une récente étude phylogénétique moléculaire de la tribu Pisonieae ont montré que Pisonia est non monophylétique et comprend trois lignées bien supportées: une comprenant Pisonia typique et ses alliés (Pisonia s.str.), un clade d’espèces qui correspond à la description originale de Ceodes et une troisième lignée dont l’unique représentant était auparavant traité sous le genre monotypique Rockia. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’un effort pour parvenir à une classification naturelle de la tribu Pisonieae, ce travail proposons de rétablir les Ceodes et Rockia pour accueillir des taxons avec des glandes discrètes sur les anthocarpes, reconnaissant 21 espèces (20 pour les premières et une pour les dernières), dont 16 sont de nouvelles combinaisons: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. et Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. Une distribution générale de chaque espèce reconnue dans ce travail est également incluse, ainsi que des dessins au trait et des images en couleur des espèces représentatives de Ceodes, Pisonia et Rockia, et préparé une clé dichotomique mise à jour basée sur les caractères reproductifs des neuf genres (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella et Rockia) comprenant la tribu Pisonieae.

scholarly journals Conservation Pattern, Homology Modeling and Molecular Phylogenetic Study of BMP Ligands

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Md. Shaifur Rahman ◽  
Sudarshan Chatterjee ◽  
Madhuri Haque ◽  
Hossen M. Jamil ◽  
Naznin Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homology Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Conservation Pattern

scholarly journals A molecular phylogenetic study of southern African Apiaceae

2006 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1828-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina I. Calviño ◽  
Patricia M. Tilney ◽  
Ben-Erik van Wyk ◽  
Stephen R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

scholarly journals Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegan Inward ◽  
George Beccaloni ◽  
Paul Eggleton
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Tropics

Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as ‘white ants’, they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.

Phylogeography and morphological variation of the northernmost distributed species of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemini) from Patagonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Breitman ◽  
Ramiro Jesús Neyro Martinez ◽  
Luciano Javier Avila ◽  
Jack Walter Sites ◽  
Mariana Morando
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eleven Species

Lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section are endemic to Patagonia, southern South America. Three main groups are recognized within this section, one of which, the L. kingii group includes eleven species. The two northernmost distributed species of this group, L. somuncurae and L. uptoni, are endemic to a small area that partly overlaps with the Provincial Protected Area Somuncurá Plateau (within the Somuncurá massif). Knowledge available for these species is based on limited sample sizes, and mostly limited to their original descriptions; also a recent molecular phylogenetic study showed evidence for a closely related candidate species (Liolaemus sp. 4). In this paper we morphologically and genetically characterize the species L. somuncurae, L. uptoni, and L. sp. 4, and present past demographic hypotheses. We studied eighty lizards, and collected morphological and genetic data for almost all of them. The specific status of L. somuncurae and L. uptoni is supported by molecular, morphological, and distributional evidence, as well as the status of L. sp. 4; for which we recommend further morphological comparisons with other species of the L. kingii group. We also identified two novel lineages from restricted areas south of the Chubut River that we propose as candidate species. We extend previously published evidence (from plants and rodents) supporting the role of the Chubut River as an allopatric barrier. Also, in agreement with previous results based on plants, we found evidence for two refugia in northwestern Chubut, for which we encourage conservation efforts.

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