scholarly journals Two-year optical site characterization for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) in the Cascadia Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Bailly ◽  
Jeannette Bedard ◽  
Michael Böhmer ◽  
Jeff Bosma ◽  
Dirk Brussow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Attenuation Length ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Absorption Length ◽  
Neutrino Telescopes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

AbstractThe STRings for Absorption length in Water (STRAW) are the first in a series of pathfinders for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE), a future large-scale neutrino telescope in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. STRAW consists of two $$150\,\mathrm {m}$$ 150 m long mooring lines instrumented with optical emitters and detectors. The pathfinder is designed to measure the attenuation length of the water and perform a long-term assessment of the optical background at the future P-ONE site. After 2 years of continuous operation, measurements from STRAW show an optical attenuation length of about 28 m at $$450\,\mathrm {nm}$$ 450 nm . Additionally, the data allow a study of the ambient undersea background. The overall optical environment reported here is comparable to other deep-water neutrino telescopes and qualifies the site for the deployment of P-ONE.

scholarly journals Biogeochemistry of the North Atlantic during oceanic anoxic event 2: role of changes in ocean circulation and phosphorus input

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ruvalcaba Baroni ◽  
R. P. M. Topper ◽  
N. A. G. M. van Helmond ◽  
H. Brinkhuis ◽  
C. P. Slomp
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. The geological record provides evidence for the periodic occurrence of water column anoxia and formation of organic-rich deposits in the North Atlantic Ocean during the mid-Cretaceous (hereafter called the proto-North Atlantic). Both changes in primary productivity and oceanic circulation likely played a role in the development of the low-oxygen conditions. Several studies suggest that an increased input of phosphorus from land initiated oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Other proposed mechanisms invoke a vigorous upwelling system and an ocean circulation pattern that acted as a trap for nutrients from the Pacific Ocean. Here, we use a detailed biogeochemical box model for the proto-North Atlantic to analyse under what conditions anoxia could have developed during OAE2 (94 Ma). The model explicitly describes the coupled water, carbon, oxygen and phosphorus cycles for the deep basin and continental shelves. In our simulations, we assume the vigorous water circulation from a recent regional ocean model study. Our model results for pre-OAE2 and OAE2 conditions are compared to sediment records of organic carbon and proxies for photic zone euxinia and bottom water redox conditions (e.g. isorenieratane, carbon/phosphorus ratios). Our results show that a strongly elevated input of phosphorus from rivers and the Pacific Ocean relative to pre-OAE2 conditions is a requirement for the widespread development of low oxygen in the proto-North Atlantic during OAE2. Moreover, anoxia in the proto-North Atlantic is shown to be greatly influenced by the oxygen concentration of Pacific bottom waters. In our model, primary productivity increased significantly upon the transition from pre-OAE2 to OAE2 conditions. Our model captures the regional trends in anoxia as deduced from observations, with euxinia spreading to the northern and eastern shelves but with the most intense euxinia occurring along the southern coast. However, anoxia in the central deep basin is difficult to achieve in the model. This suggests that the ocean circulation used in the model may be too vigorous and/or that anoxia in the proto-North Atlantic was less widespread than previously thought.

IX. Contributions to terrestrial magnetism.—No. IV

1843 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 113-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
West Coast ◽  
China Seas ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Times ◽  
The China Seas

In the present number of these Contributions, I resume the consideration of Captain Sir Edward Belcher’s magnetic observations, of which the first portion, viz. that of the stations on the north-west coast of America and adjacent islands, was discussed in No. II. The return to England of Her Majesty’s ship Sulphur by the route of the Pacific Ocean, and her detention for some months in the China Seas, have enabled Sir Edward Belcher to add magnetic determinations at thirty-two stations to those at the twenty-nine stations previously recorded. In the notice of the earlier observations, a provisional coefficient was employed in the formula for the temperature corrections of the results with the intensity needles, as no experiments had then been made for the determination of their individual co­efficients. As soon therefore as Sir Edward Belcher had completed the observation of the times of vibration of those needles at Woolwich, as the concluding station of the series made with them, Lieut. Riddell, R. A. undertook the determination of their several coefficients, which was performed in the manner and with the results described in the subjoined memorandum.

CALCULATION OF THE MAGNETIZATION OF UPLIFTS FROM COMBINING TOPOGRAPHIC AND MAGNETIC SURVEYS

Geophysics ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Richards ◽  
V. Vacquier ◽  
G. D. Van Voorhis
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Paleomagnetic Pole ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Geomagnetic Pole ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The direction and magnitude of the magnetization of a uniformly magnetized structure can be computed by combining topographic and magnetic surveys. The previously reported method has been extended to include more than one structure, each possessing its particular magnetization. Also, the bottom of the structure need not be a horizontal plane but can be an arbitrary surface. The method was applied to 21 seamounts, one laccolith and two Aleutian volcanoes. Four of the seamounts were found to be reversely magnetized. The virtual paleomagnetic pole positions for 16 Pacific Ocean seamounts, representing three widely separated locations, are significantly different from the present geomagnetic pole position but near Mesozoic virtual pole positions from Australia. For two locations, radiometric age determinations give an average date for their formation in the Cretaceous. The apparent 30 degree shift in geomagnetic latitude of the seamounts is interpreted as the result of large scale movements of the Pacific Ocean floor or, alternatively, as the result of the paleomagnetic equator being north of its present position in the Pacific during the growth of the seamounts.

scholarly journals The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 913-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Agostini ◽  
Michael Böhmer ◽  
Jeff Bosma ◽  
Kenneth Clark ◽  
Matthias Danninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Contributions to terrestrial magnetism

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 465-465 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The China Seas

In the present number of these contributions, the author resumes the consideration of Captain Sir Edward Belcher’s magnetic observations, of which the first portion, namely, that of the stations on the north-west coast of America and its adjacent islands, vas discussed in No. 2. The return to England of H. M. S. Sulphur by the route of the Pacific Ocean, and her detention for some months m the China Seas, have enabled Sir Edward Belcher to add magnetic determinations at thirty-two stations to those at the twenty-nine stations previously recorded. The author first describes the experiments which he instituted with the different needles employed by Captain Sir Edward Belcher for determining the coefficient to be employed in the formula for the temperature corrections; and takes this opportunity of noticing the singular fact that, in needles made of a particular species of Russian steel, this coefficient is negative; that is, in these needles, an increase of temperature increases the magnetic power. M. Adolphe Erman describes this particular kind of steel as consisting of alternate very thin layers of soft iron and of steel, so that when heated the soft iron layers increase their magnetic intensity and the steel layers diminish theirs.

scholarly journals A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 9237-9251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ziemke ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
G. J. Labow ◽  
P. K. Bhartia ◽  
L. Froidevaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract. A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone is derived by combining six years of Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone measurements for the period October 2004 through December 2010. The OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone climatology exhibits large temporal and spatial variability which includes ozone accumulation zones in the tropical south Atlantic year-round and in the subtropical Mediterranean/Asia region in summer months. High levels of tropospheric ozone in the Northern Hemisphere also persist in mid-latitudes over the eastern part of the North American continent extending across the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of the Asian continent extending across the Pacific Ocean. For stratospheric ozone climatology from MLS, largest column abundance is in the Northern Hemisphere in the latitude range 70° N–80° N in February–April and in the Southern Hemisphere around 40° S–50° S during August–October. Largest stratospheric ozone lies in the Northern Hemisphere and extends from the eastern Asian continent eastward across the Pacific Ocean and North America. With the advent of many newly developing 3-D chemistry and transport models it is advantageous to have such a dataset for evaluating the performance of the models in relation to dynamical and photochemical processes controlling the ozone distributions in the troposphere and stratosphere. The OMI/MLS gridded ozone climatology data are made available to the science community via the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ozone and air quality website http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/.

scholarly journals Can seafloor voltage cables be used to study large-scale circulation? An investigation in the Pacific Ocean

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
Jakub Velímský ◽  
Neesha R. Schnepf ◽  
Manoj C. Nair ◽  
Natalie P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Large Scale Circulation ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract. Marine electromagnetic (EM) signals largely depend on three factors: flow velocity, Earth's main magnetic field, and seawater's electrical conductivity (which depends on the local temperature and salinity). Because of this, there has been recent interest in using marine EM signals to monitor and study ocean circulation. Our study utilizes voltage data from retired seafloor telecommunication cables in the Pacific Ocean to examine whether such cables could be used to monitor circulation velocity or transport on large oceanic scales. We process the cable data to isolate the seasonal and monthly variations and then evaluate the correlation between the processed data and numerical predictions of the electric field induced by an estimate of ocean circulation. We find that the correlation between cable voltage data and numerical predictions strongly depends on both the strength and coherence of the model velocities flowing across the cable, the local EM environment, as well as the length of the cable. The cable within the Kuroshio Current had good correlation between data and predictions, whereas two of the cables in the Eastern Pacific Gyre – a region with both low flow speeds and interfering velocity directions across the cable – did not have any clear correlation between data and predictions. Meanwhile, a third cable also located in the Eastern Pacific Gyre showed good correlation between data and predictions – although the cable is very long and the speeds were low, it was located in a region of coherent flow velocity across the cable. While much improvement is needed before utilizing seafloor voltage cables to study and monitor oceanic circulation across wide regions, we believe that with additional work, the answer to the question of whether or not seafloor voltage cables can be used to study large-scale circulation may eventually be yes.

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