Research on Vehicle Speed-Limit Model in Stormy Weather of Subtropical Mountain Area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Wen ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Hai-Wei Wang ◽  
Xian-Cai Ruan ◽  
Feng You
Keyword(s):  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Limit Model ◽  
Stormy Weather

scholarly journals European birds adjust their flight initiation distance to road speed limits

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Legagneux ◽  
Simon Ducatez
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Local Speed

Behavioural responses can help species persist in habitats modified by humans. Roads and traffic greatly affect animals' mortality not only through habitat structure modifications but also through direct mortality owing to collisions. Although species are known to differ in their sensitivity to the risk of collision, whether individuals can change their behaviour in response to this is still unknown. Here, we tested whether common European birds changed their flight initiation distances (FIDs) in response to vehicles according to road speed limit (a known factor affecting killing rates on roads) and vehicle speed. We found that FID increased with speed limit, although vehicle speed had no effect. This suggests that birds adjust their flight distance to speed limit, which may reduce collision risks and decrease mortality maximizing the time allocated to foraging behaviours. Mobility and territory size are likely to affect an individuals' ability to respond adaptively to local speed limits.

scholarly journals Determination of Curve Speed Zones for Mountainous Freeways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yongtao Liu ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Yanting Hu ◽  
Tengyuan Fang ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Safety Warning ◽  
The Difference

Different vehicular speed limits may have an impact on the balance between safety and efficiency of travel on mountainous road corners associated with complex road conditions. Placing suitable speed limit warning signs does not merely effectively improve traffic safety but can also improve traffic efficiency. In this study, a global positioning system (GPS) terminal and Metrocount were used to collect vehicle speed data from more than 40 provincial-level curves in 8 provinces over the course of 1 year. Each road data collection time-period lasted approximately 8 hours. A descriptive statistics method was adopted by means of data screening and pretreatment. Additionally, both a velocity difference estimation model was established and a linear model of velocity differential estimation was constructed. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the safe speed, the driver’s expected speed, and the location of the speed limit warning signs. This demonstrated a positive correlation with the initial speed. When the difference in speed was greater than 15 km/h, a safety warning sign was required to limit the design speed to 80 km/h. A safety warning sign was also required when the corner radius was less than 300 m. The location of safety warning signs could be calculated based on the operating speed and taking driving safety and the visual range of drivers into consideration. The results can provide a theoretical reference for setting up appropriate safe speed limiting signs on road corners in mountainous areas.

Allocating Blame for Airbag Deployment Injuries: Separating Manufacturers' Blame from Personal Responsibility

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 1458-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kalsher ◽  
Kevin J. Williams ◽  
Sarah M. Denio
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Injured Party ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Side Airbag

This study examined how people allocate blame for injuries sustained from the deployment of a driver-side airbag. Participants read one of several versions of a fictitious scenario in which the driver of an automobile is injured by a deploying airbag after a driver swerves into oncoming traffic to avoid striking a child who has run into the road. The scenarios depicted a driver sitting within the airbag's deployment zone and varied in the following ways: the stature of the injured driver (small or large); severity of the injury resulting from the deployment of the airbag (permanent blindness in one eye versus quadriplegia); vehicle speed at impact (15 m.p.h. above versus driving at the posted speed limit); and the safety-worthiness of the vehicle (an elaborate system of safety features versus the absence of these features). When assigning blame for the injuries sustained in the crash, participants appeared sensitive to both the quality of the vehicle's safety system and the driving behavior of the injured party. The manufacturer of the “safe” vehicle was held significantly less responsible than the manufacturer of the vehicle lacking these safety features. However, driver behavior also exerted a significant effect on allocation of blame. Injured drivers depicted as traveling significantly above the speed limit were assigned significantly more blame than their counterparts depicted as driving at the speed limit. This finding suggests that people take other factors into account, including personal responsibility, when assigning blame. Perhaps the most important finding of this research, and one that supports previous research on this topic, is that safety pays. When companies are perceived as making a good faith attempt to look out for the safety of their customers, their customers, in return, may be less likely to hold them responsible when injuries do occur.

Reliability-Based Vehicle Safety Assessment and Design Optimization of Roadway Radius and Speed Limit in Windy Environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaekwan Shin ◽  
Ikjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Bank Angle ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Reliability Method

This paper presents a reliability-based analysis of road vehicle accidents and the optimization of roadway radius and speed limit design based on vehicle dynamics, mainly focusing on windy environments. The performance functions are formulated as failure modes of vehicle rollover and sideslip and are defined on a finite set of basic variables with probabilistic characteristics, so-called random variables. The random variables are vehicle speed, steer angle, tire–road friction coefficient, road bank angle, and wind speed. The probability of accident was evaluated using the first-order reliability method (FORM) and numerical studies were conducted using a single-unit truck model. The analysis demonstrates that wind is a significant factor when assessing vehicle safety on roads, and probabilistic studies such as reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) are necessarily required to enhance vehicle safety in windy environments. Accordingly, design optimization of roadway radius and speed limit was conducted, and new designs were proposed satisfying the target reliability. This study suggests that probabilistic mechanics and theory can be of value for analysis and design of wind-related vehicle safety.

scholarly journals Through flashing speed limit signage to control vehicle speed limit for entering school zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A216.2-A216
Author(s):  
Wang Lin (Fannie) ◽  
Cui Minyan (Monica)
Keyword(s):  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed

Provision of in-vehicle speed limit information

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
K. Wevers ◽  
M. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed

Research on the Method of Dynamic Speed Limit on Expressway under Complex Climate Based on Pavement Skid-Resistant Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Yong Fang ◽  
Zhong Yin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pavement Condition

To solve the problems in the current deterministic method of a maximum speed limit for expressway, a method of dynamic speed limit on expressway under complex climate was presented which was based on pavement skid-resistant performance. Firstly, the variation of pavement skid-resistant performance under complex climate conditions was analysed based on research results and certain experimental statistic data. By analysing the influence rule of AC-16 and SMA-16 pavement texture, pavement temperature, water film thickness, ice thickness, vehicle speed to pavement Skid-Resistant Performance, pavement actual friction coefficient calculation model and reference standard were established under different pavement condition Then, by analysing the geometry line indexes, pavement conditions and vehicle dynamics, the critical sideslip speed and critical longitudinal-driving safety speed was formulated; therefore, with critical speed as a constraint of safety driving and interval classification of complex climatic conditions, the dynamic speed calculate method and safety speed control standard were proposed under various pavements conditions, visibilities and traffic environments. This method for overcoming the weakness of a maximum speed limit of expressway operation and improving traffic safety is helpful.

Variable speed limit control scheme for vehicle in the vicinity of signalized intersection

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1850218
Author(s):  
Liang-Yi Yang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Di-Hua Sun ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Communication Distance ◽  
Variable Speed Limit Control

In this paper, a variable speed limit control approach for improving the efficiency of signalized intersection is proposed from the cyber-physical view. In the proposed control scheme, vehicle-to-vehicle communication is being utilized fully such that the preceding vehicle’s optimal information is exploited for optimizing the motion of the current vehicle. To prepare the control scheme for dynamical optimization, nonlinear model predictive control technique is used to optimally control vehicle speed limit and a new traffic model is constructed by considering vehicle dynamics. Moreover, this paper evaluates the influence of communication distance on the traffic. The results show that extending communication distance in the vicinity of signalized intersection can improve vehicles’ average fuel economy.

scholarly journals Safety Level Of Pedestrian In Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Prima Juanita Romadhona
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Traffic Conflict

There are other road users who have high rates involvement as victims of accidents, namely vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. The study concern to find out the safety level and facilities of pedestrians. This study takes place within official and residential areas with high pedestrians mobility. Furthermore, traffic conflict analysis used as the method to measure the safety level of pedestrians. From the survey results, urban areas especially in study case is not equipped with safety facilities for pedestrians such as pedestrians crossing, road sign, mark, speed limit for vehicles, and 70% serious traffic conflict lead to potential accident which involving pedestrians. The result proves low safety level for pedestrians in urban area. As the recommendation, land use and innovation in pedestrians safety facilities installation is needed such as combination of zebra cross, speed limit, sign, mark, and speed hump to reduce vehicle speed when approaching the crossing facilities.Keywords: pedestrians safety, traffic conflict analysis Terdapat pengguna jalan lain yang memiliki angka keterlibatan yang tinggi sebagai korban kecelakaan, yaitu pengguna non kendaraan bermotor seperti pejalan kaki. Kajian ini mengenai tingkat pelayanan keselamatan dan fasilitas bagi pejalan kaki. Kajian ini mengambil lokasi wilayah perkantoran dan wilayah pemukiman dengan mobilitas pedestrian yang tinggi. Selanjutnya, digunakan analisis konflik lalu lintas sebagai metode pengukuran tingkat keselamatan responden. Dari hasil survey, kawasan perkotaan dalam studi kasus tidak difasilitasi dengan fasilitas keselamatan bagi pejalan kaki yaitu tidak adanya batasan kecepatan bagi kendaraan bermotor serta tetjadinya 70% konflik serius yang mengarah kepada potensi kecelakaan selama jam pengamatan yang melibatkan pejalan kaki. Diperlukan penanganan bagi keselamatan pejalan kaki yaitu pemanfaatan tata guna lahan dan pemasangan fasilitas keselamatan seperti zebra cross, pembatasan kecepatan, rambu, marka, dan speed hump untuk mengurangi kecepatan kendaraan bermotor yang akan melewati fasilitas penyeberangan. Kata Kunci: keselamatan, pejalan kaki, analisis konflik lalu lintas

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF VEHICLES SPEED ON SCHOOL SAFETY ZONE AREAS IN PEKANBARU CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusi Dwi Putri ◽  
Fitridawati Soehardi ◽  
Alfian Saleh
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Safety Zone ◽  
School Students ◽  
Pass Through

Status : PreprintSchool Safety Zone is a location or region on particular roads that are time-based speed zone to set the speed ofthe vehicle in the school environment. The maximum speed limit permits entering a School Safety Zone, especially in Pekanbaru City is 25 km / h and an outline of the speed limit permit vehicles that pass through the School Safety Zone in Indonesia is generally 20-30 km / h. However, the vehicles speeds that pass School Safety Zone are higher than permit speeds.To ensure the level of vehicle offense across the territory of the School Safety Zone so it is necessary a primary data which is taken randomly based on field survey for 3 days at schools that has that facility SDN 3 Jalan Kesehatan Pekanbaru City, SDN 68 Jalan Balam Ujung Kota Pekanbaru and SDN 143 Jalan Taskurun Kota Pekanbaru. Furthermore, the data were taken in good condition that is at 6:30 to 7:30 am and at 12:00 to 13:00 pm. In addition, the data obtained ismileage and travel time of the vehicle. Both of these data can generate good speed value that passes through the area of School Safety Zone. Based on the research findings, the vehicle speed passing through the area of School Safety Zone is incompatible with speed permit at 35 km / h. This indicates that the vehicle passes School Safety Zone not following the rules of the maximum limit area and can be potentially harmful to elementary school students.

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