Law Enforcement in the Chinese Health System: An Institutional Perspective

The article presents the results of a study of the problems of criminal legal assessment of criminal attacks on the health care system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social background of such crime and its criminological characteristics are studied. Given the fact that most of criminal law, aimed at preventing crime, reducing the capacity of the state in the fight against novel coronavirus infection treated in depth by the legal and regulatory framework is impeding the spread of the pandemic COVID-19, and analyzed Federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the Ministry of health of Russia and other state bodies governing the functioning of public authorities, medical institutions and organizations, the rights and obligations of citizens and legal entities, this includes measures for the prevention of this disease in various areas of social life that are additionally regulated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The task of optimizing the criminal law provision of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic is formulated, taking into account the actual situation with the spread of this infection and the practice of countering it. As part of this task, based on a critical analysis of existing approaches in the science of criminal law, we formulate our own concept of crimes that infringe on the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic, characterize the problem, study their legal and social nature, and systematize such crimes. On the basis of the obtained data, a General description of crimes that encroach on the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic is given, their criminal-legal features are considered, theoretical approaches to determining their essence are studied, and the author's position on this issue is formulated. The author's classification of crimes that hinder the provision of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic is given. Groups of such crimes are consistently considered. A General description of their objective and subjective characteristics is given. Proposals for improving the interpretation of the relevant criminal law norms in science and law enforcement practice have been developed, and suggestions for their improvement have been substantiated and formulated. The article is addressed not only to scientists and practitioners of law enforcement agencies, but also to doctors who often work in conditions of a lack of legal knowledge about their rights and obligations, the qualification of certain acts from the point of view of criminal law, the grounds and limits of criminal liability for those that constitute a crime, and algorithms for actions in case of detection of such acts.

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Health system and law enforcement synergies for injury surveillance, control and prevention: a scoping review

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara F Jacoby ◽

Laura M Mercer Kollar ◽

Greg Ridgeway ◽

Steven A Sumner

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Health System ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Injury Surveillance ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Injury Control ◽

The Impact

BackgroundHealthcare providers and law enforcement (LE) officers are among the most common first responders to injuring events. Despite frequent interface between the health system (HS) and LE sectors, the published evidence that supports their collaboration in injury surveillance, control and prevention has not been comprehensively reviewed.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of literature published from 1990 to 2016 that focused on local and regional HS and LE collaborations in injury surveillance, control and prevention. Our aim was to describe what is known and what remains unexplored about these cross-sector efforts.Results128 articles were included in the final review. These were categorised by their focus on either surveillance activities or partnerships in injury control and prevention programmes. The majority of surveillance articles focused on road traffic injuries. Conversely, articles describing partnerships and programme evaluations primarily targeted the prevention of interpersonal violence.DiscussionThis review yielded two major findings: overall, the combination of HS and LE injury data added value to surveillance systems, especially as HS data augmented LE data; and HS and LE partnerships have been developed to improve injury control and prevention. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the impact and sustainability of these partnerships.ConclusionsThe current evidence to support HS and LE collaboration in injury surveillance and control and prevention programmes is heterogeneous. Notable gaps suggest ample opportunity for further research and programme evaluation across all types of injury.

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An exploration of organized crime in Italian ports from an institutional perspective. Presence and activities

Trends in Organized Crime ◽

10.1007/s12117-020-09400-z ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Antonelli

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Organized Crime ◽

Social Connections ◽

Institutional Perspective ◽

Counterfeit Goods ◽

Space And Time ◽

Port System ◽

Organized Crime Groups ◽

Illicit Trafficking ◽

Shed Light

AbstractThe article will present the results of a qualitative research into organized crime in the Italian port system. It is a pioneering attempt to assess an extensive and diachronic perspective on the presence and activities of organized crime groups into the Italian seaports in order to provide a systematic analytical map through the analysis of institutional law enforcement reports. The article attempts to shed light on an overlooked topic, analytically relevant insofar as it examines OCGs’s activities in a specific and particular space representing an opportunity to obtain profits and social connections. Moreover, it analyses OCGs tendency to be involved in legal and illegal businesses, their ability to persist in space and time, and their skills in moving abroad.The results show that organized crime activities are permanent and largely widespread in the main harbours all over the country, particularly in Ancona, Cagliari, Genova and Gioia Tauro; organized crime groups operate mostly in illegal business and in particular in illicit trafficking of drugs, cigarettes and counterfeit goods; the Italian mafia ‘ndrangheta seems to be able to persist in space and time within several seaports. The study shows that simultaneous processes of specialization in illegal markets and diversification in seaports are ongoing.

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Effects of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse on the health system in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Key stakeholders’ perceptions

10.21203/rs.2.18196/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Buyisile Chibi ◽

Tivani P Mashamba-Thompson

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Health System ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Drug Diversion ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Care System

Abstract Background: Prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse is a growing health threat negatively impacting the health care system and individuals globally. Most research has been conducted in high-income-countries. Little is known about prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse to support anecdotal reports in resource-limited settings. Purpose: The main objective of this study is to determine prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse practices in eThekwini district from the perspective of the health care providers, law enforcement, pharmacists, drug users and people living with HIV. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth-interviews were conducted between June-December 2018 among key stakeholders who were purposively sampled in eThekwini district. Thematic analysis was used to identify emergent themes around practices of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse. Results: Five main themes emerged during the interviews: manifestation of drug diversion; consumer’s attitude and behaviour; availability of medicines; gaps in the health care system; and lastly challenges and barriers to drug abuse treatment. Accidental addiction, health system gaps and consumer’s attitude and behaviours were perceived as significant contributing factors to the problem therefore negatively impacting health care providers and consumers. Conclusion: The study highlights the emerging practices of prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse as a serious growing problem occurring through legal and illegal channels to anyone since the addictive medicines are readily available and easily accessible. We recommend a collaborative approach to address prescription drug diversion since the prescriber, dispenser, consumer and law enforcement are involved in the cycle to drug usage.

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Gov. Jindal, Secretary Levine, Legislators Announce Sweeping Reforms to Behavioral Health System: Proposals will Strengthen Mental Health Laws, Help Families and Law Enforcement

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e561032009-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Health System ◽

Behavioral Health ◽

Behavioral Health System ◽

Health Laws

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Reallocating authority in the Chinese health system: an institutional perspective

Journal of Asian Public Policy ◽

10.1080/17516234.2014.1003454 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 19-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jiwei Qian

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Institutional Perspective

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Pyrotechnic Residues in Gunshot Residue Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117649 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 128-129

Author(s):

H. M. Sagara ◽

S. A. Schliebe ◽

M. C. Kong

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Gunshot Residue ◽

Particle Analysis ◽

Dry Skin ◽

X Ray ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Smokeless Powder ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

Detailed List

Particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x- ray analysis is one of the current methods used in crime laboratories to aid law enforcement in identifying individuals who have recently fired or handled a firearm. During the discharge of a firearm, the high pressure caused by the detonation of the cartridge materials forces a portion of the generated gases through leaks in the firing mechanism of the weapon. These gases contain residues of smokeless powder, primer mixture, and contributions from the projectile itself. The condensation of these hot gases form discrete, micrometer-sized particles, which can be collected, along with dry skin cells, salts, and other hand debris, from the hands of a shooter by a simple adhesive lift technique. The examination of the carbon-coated adhesive lifts consist of time consuming systematic searches for high contrast particles of spherical morphology with the characteristic elemental composition of antimony, barium and lead. A detailed list of the elemental compositions which match the criteria for gunshot residue are discussed in the Aerospace report.

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