Financial Availability, Income Gap, and Household Consumption Rate in Transitional China: A Theoretical Approach and Empirical Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianzhi Guo ◽  
Hai-Tao Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Transitional China

scholarly journals How does the urban–rural income gap affect the quality of China’s economic growth?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Ren ◽  
Xiaojing Chao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Growth Quality

Purpose Based on the theoretical definition of the quality of economic growth as well as the availability and reliability of the given data, the purpose of this paper is to build an evaluation system of a regional economic growth quality on three levels: conditions, processes and results. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of economic quality, this paper offers a theoretical interpretation on how the urban–rural income gap affects the quality of economic growth and takes an empirical test on the sample panel data from 30 provinces and regions through difference GMM and system GMM models. Findings The results show that the excessively large income gap will influence economic growth in terms of the foundation, operation and the outcome, thereby, restricting the quality of economic growth. In addition, investments in human and physical capital and improvements in terms of transport infrastructure, industrial structure and economic openness play an active role in economic growth quality, whereas government expenditure scale, financial development and the deviation of industrial structure have a negative effect. Originality/value There has been a substantial amount of experience and evidence on the research about the issue of China’s income distribution and the quantity of economic growth, whereas there are relatively fewer discussions about the income distribution and the quality of economic growth. This paper, based on what has been mentioned above, tries to give a theoretical interpretation and an empirical test to describe the relationship between urban–rural income gap and the quality of economic growth from the quality point of view.

Would Urban–Rural Income Gap Affect Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Empirical Research Based on the Extended IPAT Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei HU
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural

At present, there’s no agreement on how income gap affects carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, the author takes an empirical test of the relationship between income gap and carbon dioxide emissions based on the extended IPAT model, using China’s provincial panel data of from 2000 to 2012. The conclusion supports Boyce’s point of view that excessive income gap between urban and rural areas leads to environmental degradation. Meanwhile, the study introduces the cross terms of urban–rural income gap ratio and energy efficiency, and finds that excessive income gap would be an obstacle for China to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction by improving energy efficiency. Therefore, while promoting actions to climate change, energy conservation and emission reduction, governments should also narrow urban–rural income gap besides relying on the restrictions of relevant laws and regulations.

Decision waves: consumer decisions in today's complex world

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Lye ◽  
Wei Shao ◽  
Sharyn Rundle‐Thiele ◽  
Carolyn Fausnaugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phase Theory ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Multi Phase

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dominant consumer decision theory models and understand why that theory has received little empirical validation. A “decision waves” theory is proposed – an alternative, multi‐phase approach to decision making using image theory. An approach to validating empirically the multi‐phase theory is outlined.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper examines the foundations of modern consumer decision theory and argues for a more representative model of actual consumer decisions.FindingsDecision waves provide a theoretical approach to represent more accurately consumer decision making and improve understanding in this foundational component of marketing. Decision waves do not change detailed empirical findings: however, they do change the macro perspective of how those findings are assembled for marketing.Research limitations/implicationsAn empirical test of decision waves theory is ongoing.Practical implicationsThe concepts outlined in this paper will change segmentation, positioning and how tactical plans are developed within the marketing mix, particularly for promotional strategies.Originality/valueA theoretical approach that represents decision making more accurately will bring us closer to understanding this foundational component of marketing. It provides a basis for differentiation in congested markets.

scholarly journals The Influence of Regional Resident Human Capital Investment on Income Gap Based on the perspective of population migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Mingfei Ding ◽  
Jinsong Pei
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Positive Effect

With the development of China’s economic level and transportation, China’s population migration scale is constantly enhanced, population migration investment way of human capital investment, has a greater impact on the income level of residents. This paper analyzes the mechanism of population migration’s influence on the income gap and research achievements of predecessors, then on the basis of the eight regional division, has analyzed china area ask migration scale and the present situation of the income gap, and finally by constructing panel data model, the empirical test population migration’s influence on regional smell of resident’s income gap. Finally, it is found that investment in population migration has a long-term positive effect on the income gap.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FUNGSI KONSUMSI MASYARARAT DI PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2000

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Nurhayati ◽  
Masagus Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Central Java Province

Household consumption is the biggest expense component in Gross Domestic Product every year. There are many economic factors theoretically contribute to the number of expense percentage. In this research the writer studies three economic factors in Central Java Province which are regarded to have significant influences on the household consumption rate, namely; income rate, population number, inflation rate.This research uses regression econometric analyses means of ordinary Least Square (OLS) with cross section secondary data input in 2000 taken from statistical center body.

scholarly journals Population Age Structure, Social Security and Household consumption rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Xiulin Ji ◽  
Meixia Shi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Dependency Ratio

This paper uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018, and examines the relationship between the age structure of the population, the level of social security, and the consumption rate of residents by establishing static and dynamic models. The study found that, the child dependency ratio and the elderly dependency ratio have a negative impact on the residents’ consumption rate. Child dependency ratio increased by 1%, resident consumption rate decreased by 7.4%. Elderly dependency ratio increased by 1%, resident consumption rate decreased by 13.7%. Pension coverage has no significant impact on household consumption rates. Moreover, the consumption of Chinese residents is inertia, that is, the current consumption of residents is affected by previous consumption habits, which is one of the reasons for the current low consumption rate of our residents. In addition, research shows that the per capita real GDP and real interest rate promote China’s residents’ consumption, and the inflation rate and urbanization level have a certain inhibitory effect on the residents’ consumption rate. Therefore, the development of distinctive children’s training courses and the elderly-related industries, the optimization of the elderly’s labor market, and the gradual change of residents’ consumption concepts are more effective ways to expand domestic demand.

Differential polarization imaging of sickled cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Chiral Structures

Recently we have developed a form of polarization microscopy that forms images using optical properties that have previously been limited to macroscopic samples. This has given us a new window into the distribution of structure on a microscopic scale. We have coined the name differential polarization microscopy to identify the images obtained that are due to certain polarization dependent effects. Differential polarization microscopy has its origins in various spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study longer range structures in solution as well as solids. The differential scattering of circularly polarized light has been shown to be dependent on the long range chiral order, both theoretically and experimentally. The same theoretical approach was used to show that images due to differential scattering of circularly polarized light will give images dependent on chiral structures. With large helices (greater than the wavelength of light) the pitch and radius of the helix could be measured directly from these images.

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