scholarly journals FREE PARTICLE IN VERY SPECIAL RELATIVITY, GAUGE SYMMETRY AND TWO-TIME PHYSICS

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350004 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN M. ROMERO ◽  
ERIC S. ESCOBAR-AGUILAR ◽  
ETELBERTO VÁZQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Relativistic Particle ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Massless Particles ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
General Action ◽  
Very Special Relativity

The action for a (3+1)-dimensional particle in very special relativity (VSR) is studied. It is proved that massless particles only travel in effective (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. It is remarkable that this action can be written as an action for a relativistic particle in a background gauge field and it is shown that this field causes the dimensional reduction. A new symmetry for this system is found. Furthermore, a general action with restored Lorentz symmetry is proposed for this system. It is shown that this new action contains VSR and two-time physics.

scholarly journals The statistical mechanics of near-extremal black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca V. Iliesiu ◽  
Gustavo J. Turiaci
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fixed Charge ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

Abstract An important open question in black hole thermodynamics is about the existence of a “mass gap” between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state within a sector of fixed charge. In this paper, we reliably compute the partition function of Reissner-Nordström near-extremal black holes at temperature scales comparable to the conjectured gap. We find that the density of states at fixed charge does not exhibit a gap; rather, at the expected gap energy scale, we see a continuum of states. We compute the partition function in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, keeping track of all the fields appearing through a dimensional reduction on S2 in the near-horizon region. Our calculation shows that the relevant degrees of freedom at low temperatures are those of 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to the electromagnetic U(1) gauge field and to an SO(3) gauge field generated by the dimensional reduction.

RS BRANEWORLDS IN TYPE IIB SUPERGRAVITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
K. S. STELLE
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Breathing Mode ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
The Universe

We show how the Randall-Sundrum geometry, which has been proposed as a scenario for the universe realized as a 3-brane embedded in a 5-dimensional spacetime, arises naturally as an S5 dimensional reduction of a supersymmetric 3-brane of type IIB supergravity. In this construction, the S5 scale-setting "breathing mode" plays a crucial rôle, permitting one to evade certain "no-go" claims for the possibility of such a supersymmetric realization.

SUPERSYMMETRIC TENSOR GAUGE THEORIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (14) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. CLARK ◽  
C.-H. LEE ◽  
S.T. LOVE
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Sigma Models ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Symmetric Tensor ◽  
Global Symmetry ◽  
Invariant Action ◽  
Symmetry Transformations ◽  
Linear Sigma Models

The supersymmetric extensions of anti-symmetric tensor gauge theories and their associated tensor gauge symmetry transformations are constructed. The classical equivalence between such supersymmetric tensor gauge theories and supersymmetric non-linear sigma models is established. The global symmetry of the supersymmetric tensor gauge theory is gauged and the locally invariant action is obtained. The supercurrent on the Kähler manifold is found in terms of the supersymmetric tensor gauge field.

scholarly journals General very special relativity in Finsler cosmology

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Kouretsis ◽  
M. Stathakopoulos ◽  
P. C. Stavrinos
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Very Special Relativity

scholarly journals MAXIMALLY SYMMETRIC MINIMAL UNIFICATION MODEL SO(32) WITH THREE FAMILIES IN TEN-DIMENSIONAL SPACETIME

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUE-LIANG WU
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Correspondence Principle ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Spinor Representation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weyl Spinor ◽  
Spinor Structure ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
Quantum Spacetime ◽  
Quantum Charge

Based on a maximally symmetric minimal unification hypothesis and a quantum charge-dimension correspondence principle, it is demonstrated that each family of quarks and leptons belongs to the Majorana–Weyl spinor representation of 14 dimensions that relate to quantum spin-isospin-color charges. Families of quarks and leptons attribute to a spinor structure of extra six dimensions that relate to quantum family charges. Of particular, it is shown that ten dimensions relating to quantum spin-family charges form a motional ten-dimensional quantum spacetime with a generalized Lorentz symmetry SO (1, 9), and ten dimensions relating to quantum isospin-color charges become a motionless ten-dimensional quantum intrinsic space. Its corresponding 32-component fermions in the spinor representation possess a maximal gauge symmetry SO (32). As a consequence, a maximally symmetric minimal unification model SO (32) containing three families in ten-dimensional quantum spacetime is naturally obtained by choosing a suitable Majorana–Weyl spinor structure into which quarks and leptons are directly embedded. Both resulting symmetry and dimensions coincide with those of type I string and heterotic string SO (32) in string theory.

scholarly journals Quantum backflow in solutions to the Dirac equation of the spin-1 2 free particle

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (32) ◽  
pp. 1850186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yi Su ◽  
Jing-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dirac Equation ◽  
Relativistic Particle ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Dirac Particle ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Probability Current ◽  
Negative Probability

It was known that a free, non-relativistic particle in a superposition of positive momenta can, in certain cases, bear a negative probability current — hence termed quantum backflow. Here, it is shown that more variations can be brought about for a free Dirac particle, particularly when negative-energy solutions are taken into account. Since any Dirac particle can be understood as an antiparticle that acts oppositely (and vice versa), quantum backflow is found to arise in the superposition (i) of a well-defined momentum but different signs of energies, or more remarkably (ii) of different signs of both momenta and energies. Neither of these cases has a counterpart in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. A generalization by using the field-theoretic formalism is also presented and discussed.

The Theory of Special Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Euler Equations ◽  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Perfect Fluids ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
Tensor Formulation ◽  
Basic Equations

This chapter shows how the principle of special relativity and the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light uniquely determine the Lorentz transformation. Unlike in pre-relativity physics, space and time are not separate entities. They are combined into a four-dimensional spacetime continuum, which is most clearly demonstrated in the formulation of the theory of special relativity due to Hermann Minkowski. The chapter then defines vectors and tensors with respect to the Lorentz transformation, leading to a tensor formulation of Maxwell's equations, of the electromagnetic force acting on charges and currents, and of the energy-momentum of the electromagnetic field and its conservation law. It also introduces the energy-momentum tensor of matter and discusses the basic equations of the hydrodynamics of perfect fluids (the Euler equations).

scholarly journals Bounce Cosmology in Generalized Modified Gravities

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Minas ◽  
Emmanuel Saridakis ◽  
Panayiotis Stavrinos ◽  
Alkiviadis Triantafyllopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Tangent Bundle ◽  
General Class ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Tensor Structure ◽  
Nonlinear Connection ◽  
Friedmann Equations ◽  
Very Special Relativity

We investigate the bounce realization in the framework of generalized modified gravities arising from Finsler and Finsler-like geometries. In particular, a richer intrinsic geometrical structure is reflected in the appearance of extra degrees of freedom in the Friedmann equations that can drive the bounce. We examine various Finsler and Finsler-like constructions. In the cases of general very special relativity, as well as of Finsler-like gravity on the tangent bundle, we show that a bounce cannot easily be obtained. However, in the Finsler–Randers space, induced scalar anisotropy can fulfil bounce conditions, and bouncing solutions are easily obtained. Finally, for the general class of theories that include a nonlinear connection, a new scalar field is induced, leading to a scalar–tensor structure that can easily drive a bounce. These features reveal the capabilities of Finsler and Finsler-like geometries.

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