scholarly journals RESOLVING THE BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 4877-4882 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMIR D. MATHUR
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Loss Of Information ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Classical Gravity ◽  
New Criterion

The recent progress in string theory strongly suggests that formation and evaporation of black holes is a unitary process. This fact makes it imperative that we find a flaw in the semiclassical reasoning that implies a loss of information. We propose a new criterion that limits the domain of classical gravity: the hypersurfaces of a foliation cannot be stretched too much. This conjectured criterion may have important consequences for the early universe.

A COMMENT ON THE BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (supp01c) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004
Author(s):  
SAMIR D. MATHUR
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Loss Of Information ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Classical Gravity ◽  
New Criterion

Results from string theory strongly suggest that formation and evaporation of black holes is a unitary process. Thus we must find a flaw in the semiclassical reasoning that implies a loss of information. We propose a new criterion that limits the domain of classical gravity: the hypersurfaces of a foliation cannot be stretched too much.

scholarly journals A PROPOSAL TO RESOLVE THE BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMIR D. MATHUR
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Nonlocal Effects ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Black Hole Information

The entropy and information puzzles arising from black holes cannot be resolved if quantum gravity effects remain confined to a microscopic scale. We use concrete computations in nonperturbative string theory to argue for three kinds of nonlocal effects that operate over macroscopic distances. These effects arise when we make a bound state of a large number of branes, and occur at the correct scale to resolve the paradoxes associated with black holes.

scholarly journals Islands and Page curves of Reissner-Nordström black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanhua Wang ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Extremal Surface ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Black Hole Information

Abstract We apply the recently proposed quantum extremal surface construction to calculate the Page curve of the eternal Reissner-Nordström black holes in four dimensions ignoring the backreaction and the greybody factor. Without the island, the entropy of Hawking radiation grows linearly with time, which results in the information paradox for the eternal black holes. By extremizing the generalized entropy that allows the contributions from the island, we find that the island extends to the outside the horizon of the Reissner-Nordström black hole. When taking the effect of the islands into account, it is shown that the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation at late times for a given region far from the black hole horizon reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the Reissner-Nordström black hole with an additional term representing the effect of the matter fields. The result is consistent with the finiteness of the entanglement entropy for the radiation from an eternal black hole. This facilitates to address the black hole information paradox issue in the current case under the above-mentioned approximations.

scholarly journals What prevents gravitational collapse in string theory?

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir D. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
State Space ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Mass Formula ◽  
Compact Dimension ◽  
Classical Gravity

It is conventionally believed that if a ball of matter of mass [Formula: see text] has a radius close to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GM then it must collapse to a black hole. But string theory microstates (fuzzballs) have no horizon or singularity, and they do not collapse. We consider two simple examples from classical gravity to illustrate how this violation of our intuition happens. In each case, the ‘matter’ arises from an extra compact dimension, but the topology of this extra dimension is not trivial. The pressure and density of this matter diverge at various points, but this is only an artifact of dimensional reduction; thus, we bypass results like Buchadahl’s theorem. Such microstates give the entropy of black holes, so these topologically nontrivial constructions dominate the state space of quantum gravity.

scholarly journals ABSENCE OF BLACK HOLES INFORMATION PARADOX IN GROUP FIELD COSMOLOGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450010 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIR FAIZAL
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Black Hole Information

In this paper we will analyze the black hole information paradox in group field cosmology. We will first construct a group field cosmology with third quantized gauge symmetry. Then we will argue that in this group field cosmology the process that changes the topology of spacetime is unitarity process. Thus, the information paradox from this perspective appears only because we are using a second quantized formalism to explain a third quantized process. A similar paradox would also occur if we analyze a second quantized process in first quantized formalism. Hence, we will demonstrate that in reality there is no information paradox but only a breakdown of the second quantized formalism.

Black-hole Information Loss Problem: Past, Present, and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Sang-Heon YI ◽  
Dong-han YEOM
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Information Loss Problem

In this article, we discuss the information loss problem of black holes and critically review candidate resolutions of the problem. As a black hole evaporates via Hawking radiation, it seems to lose original quantum information; this indicates that the unitarity of time evolution in quantum mechanics and the fundamental predictability of physics are lost. We categorized candidate resolutions by asking (1) where information is and (2) which principle of physics is changed. We also briefly comment on the recent progress in the string theory community. Finally, we present several remarks for future perspectives.

EXOTIC BRANES AND BLACK HOLE MICROSTATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAKI SHIGEMORI
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Codimension Two ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Six Dimensions

Besides ordinary branes such as D-branes, string theory is known to contain exotic branes which are related to ordinary branes by U-duality. Exotic branes are codimension-two objects and have non-trivial U-duality monodromies around them. This means that they are intrinsically non-geometric. Even if one starts with a system only with ordinary branes, exotic branes can be spontaneously generated by the supertube effect. We argue that, if one puts together more than two mutually supersymmetric branes, then, by a multi-stage supertube effect, the system will polarize into an exotic brane extending along an arbitrary surface, dubbed as the superstratum. We conjecture that, black holes in string theory, which are constructed by combining multiple ordinary branes, necessarily include exotic superstrata as their microscopic ingredients. We review the argument for the existence of superstrata and the recent progress toward constructing examples of superstrata in the framework of supergravity in six dimensions.

BLACK HOLE ENTROPY IN STRING THEORY: GOING BEYOND BEKENSTEIN AND HAWKING

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1561-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATISH DABHOLKAR
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Corrected Entropy

In this talk I summarize some recent progress in string theory in understanding the entropy of a class of black holes including corrections to the Bekenstein–Hawking formula. The quantum corrected entropy is in precise numerical agreement with the logarithm of the number of microstates once quantum corrections are correctly taken into account.

scholarly journals Remnants, fuzzballs or wormholes?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir D. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Information Paradox ◽  
Strong Subadditivity ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Baby Universe

The black hole information paradox has caused enormous confusion over four decades. But in recent years, the theorem of quantum strong-subadditivity has sorted out the possible resolutions into three sharp categories: (i) No new physics at r ≫ lp; this necessarily implies remnants/information loss. A realization of remnants is given by a baby universe attached near r ~ 0. (ii) Violation of the "no-hair" theorem by nontrivial effects at the horizon r ~ M. This possibility is realized by fuzzballs in string theory, and gives unitary evaporation. (iii) Having the vacuum at the horizon, but requiring that Hawking quanta at r ~ M3 be somehow identified with degrees of freedom inside the black hole. A model for this "extreme nonlocality" is realized by conjecturing that wormholes connect the radiation quanta to the hole.

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