scholarly journals CP, T AND CPT VIOLATIONS IN THE $K^0-\overline{K^0}$ SYSTEM: PRESENT STATUS

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1551-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIHIRO TAKEUCHI ◽  
S. Y. TSAI
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Particle Data Group ◽  
Cpt Symmetry ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Data Group ◽  
Na48 Collaboration

The possible violation of CP, T and CPT symmetries in the [Formula: see text] system is studied in a way as phenomenological and comprehensive as possible. For this purpose, we first introduce parameters which represent violation of these symmetries in mixing parameters and decay amplitudes in a convenient and well-defined way and, treating these parameters as small, derive formulas which relate them to the experimentally measured quantities. We then perform numerical analyses to derive constraints to these symmetry-violating parameters, with the latest data reported by KTeV Collaboration, NA48 Collaboration and CPLEAR Collaboration, along with those compiled by Particle Data Group, used as inputs. The result obtained by CPLEAR Collaboration from an unconstrained fit to a time-dependent leptonic asymmetry, aided by the Bell–Steinberger relation, enables us to determine or constrain most of the parameters separately. It is shown among the other things that (1) CP and T symmetries are violated definitively at least at the level of 10-4in 2π decays, (2) CP and T symmetries are violated at least at the level of 10-3in the [Formula: see text] mixing, and (3) CPT symmetry is at present tested to the level of 10-5at the utmost.

scholarly journals Semi-leptonic decays of a particle to three bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Mauricio Rozo-Clavijo ◽  
Carlos Germán Cortés-Hernández ◽  
Javier Alberto Olarte-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Particle Data Group ◽  
Physics Courses ◽  
Leptonic Decays ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
University Level ◽  
Data Group ◽  
Spectator Model

Is presented the dynamics and kinematics of the semi-leptonic decays with interaction  V-A calculating the decay width and the fraction of decay for each process using spectator model. The results are compared with the experimental data of the table particle data group, which show that the model prediction for this type of decay can be considered as a first approximation. This type of analysis is particularly important because it allows one hand, introduce to the beginner students to the study of particle physics and on the other gives the possibility to use strategies to address topics modern in physics courses at university level.

scholarly journals 𝜃23 = π/4 and δ = −π/2 in neutrino mixing, which convention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (35) ◽  
pp. 1950235
Author(s):  
Junxing Pan ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao-Gang He
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Particle Data Group ◽  
Neutrino Mixing ◽  
Mixing Angle ◽  
Mixing Angles ◽  
Mixing Matrix ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Data Group

Considerable information has been obtained about neutrino mixing matrix. Present data show that in the particle data group (PDG) parametrization, the 2–3 mixing angle and the CP violating phase are consistent with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. A lot of efforts have been devoted to constructing models in realizing a mixing matrix with these values. However, the particular angles and phase are parametrization convention dependent. The meaning about the specific values for mixing angle and phase needs to be clarified. Using the well-known nine independent ways of parametrizing the mixing matrix, we show in detail how the mixing angles and phase change with conventions even with the 2–3 mixing angle to be [Formula: see text] and the CP violating phase to be [Formula: see text]. The original Kobayashi–Maskawa and an additional one belong to such a category. The other 6 parametrizations have mixing angles and phase very different values from those in the PDG parametrization although the physical effects are the same. Therefore one should give the specific parametrization convention when making statements about values for mixing angles and phase.

FRW viscous fluid cosmological model with time-dependent inhomogeneous equation of state

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Khadekar ◽  
Deepti Raut
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Quadratic Form ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inhomogeneous Equation ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Equation Of State Parameter ◽  
Viscous Models

In this paper, we present two viscous models of non-perfect fluid by avoiding the introduction of exotic dark energy. We consider the first model in terms of deceleration parameter [Formula: see text] has a viscosity of the form [Formula: see text] and the other model in quadratic form of [Formula: see text] of the type [Formula: see text]. In this framework we find the solutions of field equations by using inhomogeneous equation of state of form [Formula: see text] with equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] is constant and [Formula: see text].

Correlations of substituent effects on proton and fluorine chemical shifts with inverse ionization potentials

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (24) ◽  
pp. 3143-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schaefer ◽  
F. Hruska ◽  
H. M. Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionization Potentials ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Methyl Proton ◽  
Proton Chemical Shifts

The fluorine and proton chemical shifts in some geminally disubstituted vinylidene fluorides and ethylenes are discussed. For these compounds, at least, there are difficulties with an interpretation based on intramolecular time-dependent electric fields. On the other hand, the shifts correlate with the inverse ionization potentials of the substituents, indicating a paramagnetic effect arising from the second term in Ramsey's expression. It is suggested that the effect operates via the bonds and not across space. Methyl proton shifts in a series of substituted methyl compounds of group IV, V, and VI elements show similar correlations. A practical application of the correlation to spectral analysis problems is given.

A note on disturbances in a layered medium containing a magnetic field

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (6A) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777
Author(s):  
D. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Layered Medium ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Infinite Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Propagation Of Waves ◽  
Initial Magnetic Field

abstract In recent years, Kaliski has contributed a series of papers on the interaction of elastic and magnetic fields and some of them, [1], [2], [3] are concerned with the propagation of waves in a semi-infinite medium either loaded or conditioned otherwise, at its free surface. Such problems, as Kaliski [1] has remarked, may have relevance in the practical seismic problem of detecting the mechanical explosions inside the earth. Moreover, their geophysical implications have also been examined by Knopoff [4[, Cagniard [5], Banos [6], and Rikitake [7]. The present note seeks to investigate disturbances in a medium consisting of two layers (one finite and the other infinite) of elastic medium intervened by a thin layer of vacuum. The vacuum is traversed by an initial magnetic field. The disturbances in the medium are assumed to have been produced by a time-dependent load on the free surface of the medium. The method of Laplace transform has been used to facilitate the solution of the problem.

Simulation of time-dependent radiative heat motion over a stretching/shrinking sheet of hybrid Nanofluid: Stability analysis for dual solutions

2022 ◽  
pp. 239779142110690
Author(s):  
Seema Tinker ◽  
SR Mishra ◽  
PK Pattnaik ◽  
Ram Prakash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Dual Solutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Shrinking Sheet ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Suction Parameter ◽  
Transfer Characteristics

The heat transfer characteristics for the flow of a time-dependent hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation and source/sink over a stretching/shrinking sheet are examined in the current investigation. We have transformed the governing equations of the presented study into the similarity equations utilizing similarity variables. However, a numerical solution is obtained by using in-build MATLAB code bvp5c. The mass and energy profiles for diverse values of thermophysical parameters are studied together with their physical quantities. It is observed that dual solutions exist, that is, one is upper, and the other is lower branch solution for a definite choice of the unsteadiness parameter. Also, stability analysis is executed to determine the long-term stability of dual solutions, indicating that out of the two, only one is stable and the other is unstable. It is revealed that comparatively, the first solution shows stability, while the second solution shows instability. There is a considerable influence of second-order slip on the problem’s respective flow and heat transfer characteristics. Further, major outcomes also show the dimensionless frictional stress and the magnitude of conventional heat transfer enhancement with growing suction parameter values.

scholarly journals Relating the deBroglie and Compton Wavelengths to the Velocity of Light?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Kepner
Keyword(s):  
Order Differential Equation ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Compton Wavelength ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Velocity Wave ◽  
Empirical Constants

No report in the literature has directly described this relation. New constants for particles are presented. One relates to the Compton wavelength, called here the “mass-wave” constant for all particles. The other relates to the deBroglie wavelength, called here the “velocity-wave” constant for a particle. An equation is derived based on these two constants encapsulating a fundamental relation between the matter-states, particle and wave, to the velocity of light. New approaches to the Uncertainty relations are shown. The basic Schrodinger equation is derived from the perspective of a non-dimensional second-order differential equation free of any assumed empirical constants. The resulting time-dependent wave equation for a free particle was then expressed in terms of the particle velocity and deBroglie wavelength.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption and Functional Value of Iron Dietary Supplements and Drug with Different Delivery Systems

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5989
Author(s):  
Paolo Pastore ◽  
Marco Roverso ◽  
Erik Tedesco ◽  
Marta Micheletto ◽  
Etienne Mantovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplements

Iron is a fundament micronutrient, whose homeostasis is strictly regulated. Iron deficiency anemia is among the most widespread nutritional deficiencies and its therapy, based on dietary supplement and drugs, may lead to severe side effects. With the aim of improving iron bioavailability while reducing iron oral therapy side effects, novel dietary supplements based on innovative technologies—microencapsulation, liposomes, sucrosomes—have been produced and marketed. In the present work, six iron dietary supplements for different therapeutic targets were compared in terms of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and safety by using an integrated in vitro approach. For general-purpose iron supplements, ME + VitC (microencapsulated) showed a fast, burst intestinal iron absorption kinetic, which maintained iron bioavailability and ferritin expression constant over time. SS + VitC (sucrosomes), on the other side, showed a slower, time-dependent iron absorption and ferritin expression trend. ME + Folate (microencapsulated) showed a behavior similar to that of ME + VitC, albeit with a lower bioavailability. Among pediatric iron supplements, a time-dependent bioavailability increase was observed for LS (liposome), while PIC (polydextrose-iron complex) bioavailability is severely limited by its poor bioaccessibility. Finally, except for SS + VitC, no adverse effects on intestinal mucosa vitality and barrier integrity were observed. Considering obtained results and the different therapeutic targets, microencapsulation-based formulations are endowed with better performance compared to the other formulations. Furthermore, performances of microencapsulated products were obtained with a lower iron daily dose, limiting the potential onset of side effects.

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