scholarly journals NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS FOR RELATIVISTIC COMPLEX SCALAR AND DIRAC FIELDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1250078 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUICHI MIZUTANI ◽  
TOMOHIRO INAGAKI
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Renormalization Condition ◽  
Complex Scalar ◽  
Dirac Fields ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Thermo Field Dynamics ◽  
Self Consistency

Relativistic quantum field theories for complex scalar and Dirac fields are investigated in nonequilibrium thermo field dynamics. The thermal vacuum is defined by the Bogoliubov transformed creation and annihilation operators. Two independent Bogoliubov parameters are introduced for a charged field. Its difference naturally induces the chemical potential. Time-dependent thermal Bogoliubov transformation generates the thermal counterterms. We fix the terms by the self-consistency renormalization condition. Evaluating the thermal self-energy under the self-consistency renormalization condition, we derive the quantum Boltzmann equations for the relativistic fields.

scholarly journals Self-Consistent Calculation of Particle-Hole Diagrams on the Matsubara Frequency: Flex Approximation

1997 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 1145-1158
Author(s):  
J. J. Rodríguez-Núñez ◽  
S. Schafroth
Keyword(s):  
Hubbard Model ◽  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Green Functions ◽  
Matsubara Frequency ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Peak Structure ◽  
Self Consistent

We implement the numerical method of summing Green function diagrams on the Matsubara frequency axis for the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation. Our method has previously been applied to the attractive Hubbard model for low density. Here we apply our numerical algorithm to the Hubbard model close to half filling (ρ =0.40), and for T/t = 0.03, in order to study the dynamics of one- and two-particle Green functions. For the values of the chosen parameters we see the formation of three branches which we associate with the two-peak structure in the imaginary part of the self-energy. From the imaginary part of the self-energy we conclude that our system is a Fermi liquid (for the temperature investigated here), since Im Σ( k , ω) ≈ w2 around the chemical potential. We have compared our fully self-consistent FLEX solutions with a lower order approximation where the internal Green functions are approximated by free Green functions. These two approches, i.e., the fully self-consistent and the non-self-consistent ones give different results for the parameters considered here. However, they have similar global results for small densities.

THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS IN TIME REPRESENTATION

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 1153-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. YAMANAKA ◽  
H. UMEZAWA ◽  
K. NAKAMURA ◽  
T. ARIMITSU
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
Renormalization Condition ◽  
Usual Definition ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Thermo Field Dynamics ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Definition Of

Making use of the thermo field dynamics (TFD) we formulate a calculable method for time-dependent nonequilibrium systems in a time representation (t-representation) rather than in the k0-Fourier representation. The corrected one-body propagator in the t-representation has the form of B−1 (diagonal matrix) B (B being a thermal Bogoliubov matrix). The number parameter in B here is the observed number (the Heisenberg number) with a fluctuation. With the usual definition of the on-shell self-energy a self-consistent renormalization condition leads to a kinetic equation for the number parameter. This equation turns out to be the Boltzmann equation, from which the entropy law follows.

RENORMALIZATION AND BOLTZMANN EQUATIONS IN THERMAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CHU ◽  
H. UMEZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Renormalization Scheme ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Boltzmann Equations ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
Thermo Field Dynamics ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Consistent Manner

The renormalization scheme in nonequilibrium thermal quantum field theories is reexamined. Instead of the self-energy diagonalization scheme, we propose to diagonalize Green’s function at equal time. This eliminates the problem of on-shell definition related to time-dependent energies and spatially inhomogeneous situations, and yields a Boltzmann equation that contains memory effect. The new diagonalization scheme and the derivation of the Boltzmann equation from it can be applied to any thermal situation. It allows the treatment of a nonequilibrium problem beyond perturbational calculations in a self-consistent manner. The results are applicable to both thermo field dynamics and the closed time path formalism.

scholarly journals Quark Self-Energy and Condensates in NJL Model with External Magnetic Field

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Yilun Du ◽  
Song Shi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Quark Propagator ◽  
The Self ◽  
Vacuum Condensate ◽  
Spin Magnetic Moment ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Njl Model ◽  
Self Consistent

In a one-flavor NJL model with a finite temperature, chemical potential, and external magnetic field, the self-energy of the quark propagator contains more condensates besides the vacuum condensate. We use Fierz identity to identify the self-energy and propose a self-consistent analysis to simplify it. It turns out that these condensates are related to the chiral separation effect and spin magnetic moment.

A Bayesian View on the Hilbert Transform and the Kramers-Kronig Transform of Electrochemical Impedance Data: Probabilistic Estimates and Quality Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapeng Liu ◽  
Ting Hei Wan ◽  
Francesco Ciucci
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hilbert Transform ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Impedance Data ◽  
The Hilbert Transform ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Self Consistency ◽  
Mathematical Relations

<p>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most widely used experimental tools in electrochemistry and has applications ranging from energy storage and power generation to medicine. Considering the broad applicability of the EIS technique, it is critical to validate the EIS data against the Hilbert transform (HT) or, equivalently, the Kramers–Kronig relations. These mathematical relations allow one to assess the self-consistency of obtained spectra. However, the use of validation tests is still uncommon. In the present article, we aim at bridging this gap by reformulating the HT under a Bayesian framework. In particular, we developed the Bayesian Hilbert transform (BHT) method that interprets the HT probabilistic. Leveraging the BHT, we proposed several scores that provide quick metrics for the evaluation of the EIS data quality.<br></p>

scholarly journals Opacity from Loops in AdS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Costantino ◽  
Sylvain Fichet
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
The Self ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Timelike Region ◽  
Spectral Representations

Abstract We investigate how quantum dynamics affects the propagation of a scalar field in Lorentzian AdS. We work in momentum space, in which the propagator admits two spectral representations (denoted “conformal” and “momentum”) in addition to a closed-form one, and all have a simple split structure. Focusing on scalar bubbles, we compute the imaginary part of the self-energy ImΠ in the three representations, which involves the evaluation of seemingly very different objects. We explicitly prove their equivalence in any dimension, and derive some elementary and asymptotic properties of ImΠ.Using a WKB-like approach in the timelike region, we evaluate the propagator dressed with the imaginary part of the self-energy. We find that the dressing from loops exponentially dampens the propagator when one of the endpoints is in the IR region, rendering this region opaque to propagation. This suppression may have implications for field-theoretical model-building in AdS. We argue that in the effective theory (EFT) paradigm, opacity of the IR region induced by higher dimensional operators censors the region of EFT breakdown. This confirms earlier expectations from the literature. Specializing to AdS5, we determine a universal contribution to opacity from gravity.

scholarly journals Classical gravitational self-energy from double copy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Luz Almeida ◽  
Stefano Foffa ◽  
Riccardo Sturani
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Binary System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gravitational Coupling ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Body System ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Double Copy

Abstract We apply the classical double copy to the calculation of self-energy of composite systems with multipolar coupling to gravitational field, obtaining next-to-leading order results in the gravitational coupling GN by generalizing color to kinematics replacement rules known in literature. When applied to the multipolar description of the two-body system, the self-energy diagrams studied in this work correspond to tail processes, whose physical interpretation is of radiation being emitted by the non-relativistic source, scattered by the curvature generated by the binary system and then re-absorbed by the same source. These processes contribute to the conservative two-body dynamics and the present work represents a decisive step towards the systematic use of double copy within the multipolar post-Minkowskian expansion.

scholarly journals The self-energy of a confined quark

1983 ◽  
Vol 131 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goldhaber ◽  
T.H. Hansson ◽  
R.L. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Energy
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