FERMION PARTICLE PRODUCTION IN DYNAMICAL CASIMIR EFFECT IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOX

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (30) ◽  
pp. 1250176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. SETARE ◽  
A. SEYEDZAHEDI
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Casimir Energy ◽  
Resonance Case ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Mit Bag Model ◽  
Quantized Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Particles

In this paper, we investigate the problem of fermion creation inside a three-dimensional cubic box. We present an appropriate wave function which satisfies the Dirac equation in this geometry with MIT bag model boundary condition. We consider the box with oscillating walls and introduce the time evolution of the quantized field by expanding it over the instantaneous basis. We explain how we can obtain the average number of particles created. In this regard, we find the Bogoliubov coefficients. We consider an oscillation and determine the coupling conditions between different modes that can be satisfied depending on the cavity's spectrum. Assuming the parametric resonance case we obtain an expression for the mean number of created fermions in each mode of an oscillation and their dynamical Casimir energy.

scholarly journals PARTICLE CREATION BY MOVING SPHERICAL SHELL IN THE DYNAMICAL CASIMIR EFFECT

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. SETARE ◽  
A. A. SAHARIAN
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Shell ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Particle Creation ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Basis Expansion ◽  
Scalar Particles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Number Of Particles

The creation of massless scalar particles from the quantum vacuum by spherical shell with time varying radius is studied. In the general case of motion the equations are derived for the instantaneous basis expansion coefficients. The examples are considered when the mean number of particles can be explicitly evaluated in the adiabatic approximation.

scholarly journals Finite thermal particle creation of Casimir light

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 2040006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. R. Good ◽  
Eric V. Linder ◽  
Frank Wilczek
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Particle Creation ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Number Of Particles

A new solution for an analytic spectrum of particle creation by an accelerating mirror (dynamical Casimir effect) is given. It is the first model to simultaneously radiate thermally and emit a finite number of particles.

scholarly journals Casimir Effect in the Curved Background and the Black Hole in Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4309-4316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin'ichi Nojiri
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Correction ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Casimir Energy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Free Boson ◽  
Dimensional Black Hole

We consider the quantum correction to the Lagrangian by the massless free boson in the curved background in three dimensions where one of the coordinates is periodic. The correction term is given by an expansion of the metric with respect to the derivative and the first term expresses to the usual Casimir energy. As an application, we investigate the change of the geometry in three dimensional black hole due to the quantum effect and we show that the geometry becomes like that of the Reissner–Nordstrøm solution.

scholarly journals Light and Airy: A Simple Solution for Relativistic Quantum Acceleration Radiation

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Michael R. R. Good ◽  
Eric V. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Particle Creation ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
General Relations

We study the quantum radiation of particle production by vacuum from an ultra-relativistic moving mirror (dynamical Casimir effect) solution that allows (possibly for the first time) analytically calculable time evolution of particle creation and an Airy particle spectral distribution. The reality of the beta Bogoliubov coefficients is responsible for the simplicity, and the mirror is asymptotically inertial at the speed of light, with finite energy production. We also discuss general relations regarding negative energy flux, the transformation to the 1-D Schrödinger equation, and the incompleteness of entanglement entropy.

Angular Calibration of Ribosomal Subuntts in Factor Space

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Minakhi Pujari ◽  
Joachim Frank
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
Layer Method ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Number Of Particles

In single-particle analysis of macromolecule images with the electron microscope, variations of projections are often observed that can be attributed to the changes of the particle’s orientation on the specimen grid (“rocking”). In the multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) of such projections, a single factor is often found that expresses a large portion of these variations. Successful angle calibration of this “rocking factor” would mean that correct angles can be assigned to a large number of particles, thus facilitating three-dimensional reconstruction.In a study to explore angle calibration in factor space, we used 40S ribosomal subunits, which are known to rock around an axis approximately coincident with their long axis. We analyzed micrographs of a field of these particles, taken with 20° tilt and without tilt, using the standard methods of alignment and MSA. The specimen was prepared with the double carbon-layer method, using uranyl acetate for negative staining. In the MSA analysis, the untilted-particle projections were used as active, the tilted-particle projections as inactive objects. Upon tilting, those particles whose rocking axes are parallel to the tilt axis will change their appearance in the same way as under the influence of rocking. Therefore, each vector, in factor space, joining a tilted and untilted projection of the same particle can be regarded as a local 20-degree calibration bar.

Electron Holographic Nano-Characterization of Gold Catalyst at Interface

2002 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ichikawa ◽  
T. Akita ◽  
M. Okumura ◽  
M. Haruta ◽  
K. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Oxide Support ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Charge

AbstractThe catalytic properties of nanostructured gold catalyst are known to depend on the size of the gold particles and to be activated when the size decreases to a few nanometers. We investigated the size dependence of the three-dimensional nanostructure on the mean inner potential of gold catalysts supported on titanium oxide using electron holography and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The contact angle of the gold particles on the titanium oxide tended to be over 90° for gold particles with a size of over 5 nm, and below 90° for a size of below 2 nm. This decreasing change in the contact angle (morphology) acts to increase the perimeter and hence the area of the interface between the gold and titanium oxide support, which is considered to be an active site for CO oxidation. The mean inner potential of the gold particles also changed as their size decreased. The value of the inner potential of gold, which is approximately 25 V in bulk state, rose to over 40 V when the size of the gold particles was less than 2 nm. This phenomenon indicates the existence of a charge transfer at the interface between gold and titanium oxide. The 3-D structure change and the inner potential change should be attributed to the specific electronic structure at the interface, owing to both the “nano size effect” and the “hetero-interface effect.”

First passage time for the state of exact chemical equilibrium

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Šolc
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passage Times ◽  
Number Of Particles

The establishment of chemical equilibrium in a system with a reversible first order reaction is characterized in terms of the distribution of first passage times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean first passage time of this state is a linear function of the logarithm of the total number of particles in the system. The equilibrium fluctuations of composition in the system are characterized by the distribution of the recurrence times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean recurrence time is inversely proportional to the square root of the total number of particles in the system.

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