Comment on: “Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and ‘relativistic polarization’ of a moving current loop”

2021 ◽  
pp. 2175001
Author(s):  
Jerrold Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
A Charge

We show that the attack on my paper, “Complete Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density,” by Kholmetskii, Missevitch, and Yarman in their paper, “Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and ‘relativistic polarization’ of a moving current loop” is based on completely erroneous assumptions and equations.

Moving dipoles and the relativity of simultaneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Francis Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Rest Frame ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Linear Charge ◽  
Linear Charge Density ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
The Wire ◽  
A Charge ◽  
A Current

An observer moving parallel to a current-carrying wire detects an electric field due to the Lorentz transformation directed either toward or away from the wire, depending on the relative motion of observer and current. The accepted interpretation of this situation as viewed from the observer’s rest frame is that there is a net linear charge density on the wire. The Lorentz contraction of the separation of fixed ions and charge carriers is different due to their different speeds in the observer’s frame. The idea that a net charge exists on a wire in a reference frame moving parallel to the wire leads to the expectation that there is a charge separation seen on a moving current loop, resulting in paradoxes, such as that proposed by Mansuripur. I argue that the apparent charge on a current-carrying wire is due to a misinterpretation of the Lorentz transformation and is a consequence of the relativity of simultaneity. Given this insight, the nature of the fields of moving dipoles and the nature of the magnetization–polarization tensor are investigated.

scholarly journals Complete Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 2050061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrold Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Variable Formula ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Vector Formula

It is generally assumed in the literature that a Lorentz transformation on a neutral current loop results in a moving current loop with a nonvanishing charge distribution and an electric dipole moment. We show in this paper that this is not, in fact, correct. The derivation that leads to the charge distribution was based on an incomplete Lorentz transformation, which transforms the charge-current four-vector [Formula: see text], but not the space–time four-vector [Formula: see text]. We show that completing the Lorentz transformation by using the variable [Formula: see text] in the moving frame, rather than keeping the rest frame time variable [Formula: see text], results in there being no induced charge density and no resulting electric dipole moment.

Efficiency Enhancement of Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Devices Fabricated Utilizing an 1,4,5,8,9,11-Hexaazatriphenylene-Hexacarbonitrile Charge-Generation Layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 7717-7721
Author(s):  
Young Pyo Jeon ◽  
Tae Whan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
A Charge

The electrical and the optical properties of tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with stacked electroluminescence units were investigated to clarify the charge-generation mechanisms due to the existence of a charge-generation layer (CGL). The current density of the current limited devices with an 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) CGL was 35% higher than that of devices with a tungsten-oxide (WO3) CGL. The maximum current density of the current limited devices with a HAT-CN CGL was as high as 259 mA/cm2. The brightness of the tandem OLEDs with a HAT-CN CGL was 15% higher than that of the tandem OLEDs with a WO3 CGL due to an increase in the current density. The charge-generation mechanisms of tandem OLEDs with a CGL were described on the basis of the experimental results.

A Method to Calculate the Electric Field and Ion Current Density at Ground Level for HVDC Transmission Lines during Rain Weather

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1254-1260
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhi Long ◽  
Fei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Hvdc Transmission Lines ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Ion Current Density

HVDC transmission lines can generate an effect on the environment nearby due to the electric field and the ion current density after the corona occurs, so the calculation of ionic flow field is significant to transmission lines design and electromagnetic analysis. However, there is no effective method to calculate the characteristic parameters of ionic flow field under rainy condition. Based on Deutschs assumption, a calculational method is proposed with considering the effects of raindrops on ionic flow field. In the method, the space-charge-free electric field distortion caused by raindrops is especially considered, and the charged raindrops are seen as a charge background of transmission lines. The field strengths and ion current densities calculated using this method are compared with the experimental results in the published literature, it shows that the method is effective and accurate enough under fair and rainy conditions.

Saturation of a charge-current algebra

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Current Algebra ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
A Charge

scholarly journals Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and “relativistic polarization” of a moving current loop

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (23) ◽  
pp. 2050135
Author(s):  
Alexander Kholmetskii ◽  
Oleg Missevitch ◽  
Tolga Yarman
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Covariant Formulation ◽  
Magnetic Dipoles ◽  
A Charge

We show that the claim by Franklin (Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2050061 (2020)) with respect to the vanishing charge distribution over the perimeter of an electrically neutral moving current loop is erroneous and is based on a misinterpretation of physical meaning of Lorentz transformations. Moreover, we show that the development of nonvanishing electric dipole moment by a moving current loop (which we named as “relativistic polarization”) represents a direct implication of covariant formulation of classical electrodynamics of material media. In this respect, we analyze some subtle effects related to the motion of magnetic dipoles in an electromagnetic field and disclose their physical meaning.

scholarly journals Semi-relativistic charge-current density operator

1998 ◽  
Vol 637 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Boffi ◽  
F. Capuzzi ◽  
P. Demetriou ◽  
M. Radici
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Density Operator ◽  
Charge Current

Current density enhancement in ZnO/CdSe photoelectrochemical cells in the presence of a charge separating SnO2 nanoparticles interfacing-layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (36) ◽  
pp. 13065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya A. Patil ◽  
Dipak V. Shinde ◽  
Sambhaji S. Bhande ◽  
Vijaykumar V. Jadhav ◽  
Tran N. Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cells ◽  
Density Enhancement ◽  
A Charge
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