A LAYERED METAMODEL FOR HIERARCHICAL MODELING IN UML

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEE-YANG SONG ◽  
DOO-KWON BAIK
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Application Model ◽  
Specific Phase

As software is becoming larger and more complex, it is increasingly important to use the hierarchical modeling approach. Unfortunately, however, UML does not specify each metamodel with hierarchy for model by modeling phase. Thus, most UML-based methodologies do not address the hierarchical modeling for model. As a method for supporting hierarchical modeling on UML, this paper proposes a layered metamodel which defines hierarchically modeling elements of model according to the modeling phase. We describe each metamodel with hierarchy for models in UML, then present the hierarchical integrated metamodel combined with each metamodel by three modeling phases (conceptual phase, specific phase, and concrete phase). Therefore, designers are able to construct the hierarchical model by applying the metamodel with hierarchy. Using the hierarchical metamodel enables designers to improve the usability of UML and reusability of application model.

scholarly journals Response of glaciers in northwestern North America to future climate change: an atmosphere/glacier hierarchical modeling approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Uma S. Bhatt ◽  
Wendell V. Tangborn ◽  
Craig S. Lingle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
South Central

AbstractThe response of glaciers to changing climate is explored with an atmosphere/glacier hierarchical modeling approach, in which global simulations are downscaled with an Arctic MM5 regional model which provides temperature and precipitation inputs to a glacier mass-balance model. The mass balances of Hubbard and Bering Glaciers, south-central Alaska, USA, are simulated for October 1994–September 2004. The comparisons of the mass-balance simulations using dynamically-downscaled vs observed temperature and precipitation data are in reasonably good agreement, when calibration is used to minimize systematic biases in the MM5 downscalings. The responses of the Hubbard (a large tidewater glacier) and Bering (a large surge-type glacier) mass balances to the future climate scenario CCSM3 A1B, a ‘middle-of-the-road’ future climate in which fossil and non-fossil fuels are assumed to be used in balance, are also investigated for the period October 2010–September 2018. Hubbard and Bering Glaciers are projected to have increased accumulation, particularly on the upper glaciers, and greater ablation, particularly on the lower glaciers. The annual net balance for the entire Bering Glacier is projected to be significantly more negative, on average (–2.0ma–1w.e., compared to –1.3ma–1w.e. during the hindcast), and for the entire Hubbard Glacier somewhat less positive (0.3ma–1w.e. compared to 0.4 ma–1w.e. during the hindcast). The Hubbard Glacier mass balances include an estimated iceberg calving flux of 6.5 km3 a–1, which is assumed to remain constant.

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