GIANT OSTEOCHONDRAL LOOSE BODY OF THE KNEE JOINT

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yel ◽  
Mustafa Cihat Avunduk ◽  
Recep Memik ◽  
Abdurrahman Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Loose Bodies ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Femoral Condyles ◽  
Over Time

A rare giant loose body in the knee joint and the treatment carried out were reported. Two loose bodies sized 5.5 and 1.5 cm were extracted from the knee of a patient who suffered from pain and knee motion restricted chronically. The histopathological evaluation revealed normal bone, hyaline cartilaginous tissue, and partly fibrocartilaginous tissue. These loose bodies suggested that they were separated in small pieces from the femoral condyles and were nourished by the synovial fluid. Over time, they adhered to each other in the knee joint.

scholarly journals OP0083 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA INFILTRATING MACROPHAGES MAINTAIN OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 55.2-56
Author(s):  
R. Raoof ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
H. De Visser ◽  
J. Prado ◽  
S. Versteeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Osteoarthritis Pain ◽  
Knee Pathology ◽  
Femoral Condyles ◽  
Over Time

Background:Pain is a major debilitating symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the extent of joint damage in OA does not correlate well with the severity of pain. The mechanisms that govern OA pain are poorly understood. Immune cells infiltrating nervous tissue may contribute to pain maintenance.Objectives:Here we investigated the role of macrophages in the initiation and maintenance of OA pain.Methods:Knee joint damage was induced by an unilateral injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA) or after application of a groove at the femoral condyles of rats fed on high fat diet. Pain-like behaviors were followed over time using von Frey test and dynamic weight bearing. Joint damage was assessed by histology. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) infiltrating immune cells were assessed over time using flow cytometry. To deplete monocytes and macrophages, Lysmcrex Csfr1-Stop-DTR were injected intrathecal or systemically with diptheria toxin (DT).Results:Intraarticular monoiodoacetate injection induced OA and signs of persistent pain, such as mechanical hyperalgesia and deficits in weight bearing. The persisting pain-like behaviors were associated with accumulation of F4/80+macrophages with an M1-like phenotype in the lumbar DRG appearing from 1 week after MIA injection, and that persisted till at least 4 weeks after MIA injection. Macrophages infiltrated DRG were also observed in the rat groove model of OA, 12 weeks after application of a groove at the femoral condyles. Systemic or local depletion of DRG macrophages during established MIA-induced OA completely ablated signs of pain, without affecting MIA-induced knee pathology. Intriguingly when monocytes/macrophages were depleted prior to induction of osteoarthritis, pain-like behaviors still developed, however these pain-like behaviors did not persist over time.In vitro,sensory neurons innervating the affected OA joint programmed macrophages into a M1 phenotype. Local repolarization of M1-like DRG macrophages towards M2 by intrathecal injection of M2 macrophages or anti-inflammatory cytokines resolved persistent OA-induced pain.Conclusion:Overall we show that macrophages infiltrate the DRG after knee damage and acquire a M1-like phenotype and maintain pain independent of the lesions in the knee joint. DRG-infiltrating macrophages are not required for induction of OA pain. Reprogramming M1-like DRG-infiltrating macrophages may represent a potential strategy to treat OA pain.Acknowledgments:This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements No 814244 and No 642720. Dutch Arthritis SocietyDisclosure of Interests:Ramin Raoof: None declared, Christian Martin: None declared, Huub de Visser: None declared, Judith Prado: None declared, Sabine Versteeg: None declared, Anne Heinemans: None declared, Simon Mastbergen: None declared, Floris Lafeber Shareholder of: Co-founder and shareholder of ArthroSave BV, Niels Eijkelkamp: None declared

Loose Bodies in the Knee-Joint

BMJ ◽  
1888 ◽  
Vol 1 (1422) ◽  
pp. 719-719
Author(s):  
J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Loose Bodies

scholarly journals An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Human Knee Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA): Timeline of Clinical Presentation and Disease Markers, Comparison of Knee Joint PTOA Models and Early Disease Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Khella ◽  
Rojiar Asgarian ◽  
Judith M. Horvath ◽  
Bernd Rolauffs ◽  
Melanie L. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Knee Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Acute Knee

Understanding the causality of the post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) disease process of the knee joint is important for diagnosing early disease and developing new and effective preventions or treatments. The aim of this review was to provide detailed clinical data on inflammatory and other biomarkers obtained from patients after acute knee trauma in order to (i) present a timeline of events that occur in the acute, subacute, and chronic post-traumatic phases and in PTOA, and (ii) to identify key factors present in the synovial fluid, serum/plasma and urine, leading to PTOA of the knee in 23–50% of individuals who had acute knee trauma. In this context, we additionally discuss methods of simulating knee trauma and inflammation in in vivo, ex vivo articular cartilage explant and in vitro chondrocyte models, and answer whether these models are representative of the clinical inflammatory stages following knee trauma. Moreover, we compare the pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations used in such models and demonstrate that, compared to concentrations in the synovial fluid after knee trauma, they are exceedingly high. We then used the Bradford Hill Framework to present evidence that TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines are causal factors, while IL-1β and IL-17 are credible factors in inducing knee PTOA disease progresssion. Lastly, we discuss beneficial infrastructure for future studies to dissect the role of local vs. systemic inflammation in PTOA progression with an emphasis on early disease.

Detection and residence time of bisphosphonates in bone of horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Heather K. Knych ◽  
Jennifer Janes ◽  
Laura Kennedy ◽  
Daniel S. McKemie ◽  
Rick M. Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Postmortem Blood ◽  
Affect Bone Healing ◽  
Postmortem Sample

Bisphosphonates are potent anti-resorptive agents that have the potential to adversely affect bone healing in equine athletes, and normal bone adaption in young racehorses. A concern exists that bisphosphonate inhibition of normal bone metabolism could lead to increased bone fractures during high-intensity exercise. We found only a single report describing concentrations of tiludronate in the bone of horses, and no studies describing clodronate. Knowledge of the residence time in bone could allow for a better understanding of the long-term effects of these compounds. Our objectives were to develop a method for detection of bisphosphonates in bone and add to the limited information available regarding the disposition of these drugs in the bone of horses. Two horses received clodronate and 2 tiludronate disodium. Postmortem collection of bones and teeth occurred either 4 or 30 d post drug administration. Additionally, postmortem blood, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and bone samples from racehorses with various histories of bisphosphonate administration were collected, and concentrations determined using the developed LC-MS/MS method. Bisphosphonates were detected in bones and teeth tested at 4 and 30 d. In a postmortem sample, clodronate was detected in bone from a horse with reported administration 18 mo prior; clodronate was not detected in other sample types collected from this horse. Bisphosphonates reside in bone for extended periods of time, which could lead to potential long-term effects, increasing the potential for bone fractures in young and/or athletic horses.

Loose Bodies in the Knee-Joint

BMJ ◽  
1888 ◽  
Vol 1 (1422) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
A. M. Sheild
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Loose Bodies

scholarly journals The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathology of osteoarthritis: Novel candidate biomarkers for quantification of degenerative changes in the knee joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Franz ◽  
Laura Joseph ◽  
Constantin Mayer ◽  
Jan-Frieder Harmsen ◽  
Holger Schrumpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequently diagnosed joint disorder worldwide with increasing prevalence and crucial impact on the quality of life of affected patients through chronic pain, decreasing mobility and invalidity. Although some risk factors, such as age, obesity and previous joint injury are well established, the exact pathogenesis of OA on a cellular and molecular level remains less understood. Today, the role of nitrosative and oxidative stress has not been investigated conclusively in the pathogenesis of OA yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify biological substances for oxidative and nitrosative stress, which mirror the degenerative processes in an osteoarthritic joint. 69 patients suffering from a diagnosed knee pain participated in this study. Based on the orthopedic diagnosis, patients were classified into an osteoarthritis group (OAG, n=24) or in one of two control groups (meniscopathy, CG1, n=11; anterior cruciate ligament rupture, CG2, n=34). Independently from the study protocol, all patients underwent an invasive surgical intervention which was used to collect samples from the synovial membrane, synovial fluid and human serum. Synovial biopsies were analyzed histopathologically for synovitis (Krenn-Score) and immunohistochemically for detection of end products of oxidative (8-isoprostane F2α) and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine) stress. Additionally, the fluid samples were analyzed for 8-isoprostane F2α and 3-nitrotyrosine by competitive ELISA method. The analyzation of inflammation in synovial biopsies revealed a slight synovitis in all three investigated groups. Detectable concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine were reported in all three investigated groups without showing any significant differences between the synovial biopsies, fluid or human serum. In contrast, significant increased concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α were detected in OAG compared to both control groups. Furthermore, our data showed a significant correlation between the histopathological synovitis and oxidative stress in OAG (r=0.728, P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α in synovial fluid and human serum. The findings of the current study support the hypothesis that oxidative and nitrosative stress are components of the multi-factory pathophysiological formation of OA. It seems reasonable that an inflammatory process in the synovial membrane triggers the generation of oxidative and nitrosative acting substances which can lead to a further degradation of the articular cartilage. Based on correlations between the observed degree of inflammation and investigated biomarkers, especially 8-isoprostane F2α seems to be a novel candidate biomarker for OA. However, due to the finding that also both control groups showed increased concentrations of selected biomarkers, future studies have to validate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers in OA and in related conditions of the knee joint.

scholarly journals Indian Hedgehog in Synovial Fluid Is a Novel Marker for Early Cartilage Lesions in Human Knee Joint

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 7250-7265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congming Zhang ◽  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Chongwei Chen ◽  
Kun Cao ◽  
Yongping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Indian Hedgehog ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Human Knee Joint

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Management of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Knee Joint

2021 ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
V. S. Gowtham ◽  
. Mervinrosario ◽  
Vaishak Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Synovial Chondromatosis ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Loose Bodies ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Arthroscopic Management

Synovial Chondromatosis is a rare and it is a benign condition characterized by multiple cartilaginous nodules in synovial facet spaces. Synovial Chondromatosis affects most commonly the knee joint. This is a case report of a 30-year-old male patient presented with pain and swelling over the left knee joint. On evaluation MRI shows loose bodies, for which he underwent, arthroscopic exploration. Viscous fluid and loose bodies were identified and showed synovial hyperemia. Synovial debridement was done and loose bodies were removed and sent to histopathological examination. The result signify that arthroscopy is efficient method both in diagnostic as well as therapeutic management of synovial chondromatosis.

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