scholarly journals Induced topological pressure for countable state Markov shifts

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Jaerisch ◽  
Marc Kesseböhmer ◽  
Sanaz Lamei
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Topological Pressure ◽  
Hölder Continuous ◽  
Dynamical Group ◽  
Height Functions ◽  
Markov Shifts ◽  
Countable State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

We generalise Savchenko's definition of topological entropy for special flows over countable Markov shifts by considering the corresponding notion of topological pressure. For a large class of Hölder continuous height functions not necessarily bounded away from zero, this pressure can be expressed by our new notion of induced topological pressure for countable state Markov shifts with respect to a non-negative scaling function and an arbitrary subset of finite words, and we are able to set up a variational principle in this context. Investigating the dependence of induced pressure on the subset of words, we give interesting new results connecting the Gurevič and the classical pressure with exhaustion principles for a large class of Markov shifts. In this context we consider dynamical group extensions to demonstrate that our new approach provides a useful tool to characterise amenability of the underlying group structure.

Thermodynamic formalism for countable Markov shifts

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
OMRI M. SARIG
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Measure ◽  
Thermodynamic Formalism ◽  
Finite Measure ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Topological Pressure ◽  
Recurrent Functions ◽  
Equilibrium Measures ◽  
Positive Recurrence ◽  
Markov Shifts ◽  
Definition Of

We establish a generalized thermodynamic formalism for topological Markov shifts with a countable number of states. We offer a definition of topological pressure and show that it satisfies a variational principle for the metric entropies. The pressure of $\phi =0$ is the Gurevic entropy. This pressure may be finite even if the topological entropy is infinite. Let $L_\phi$ denote the Ruelle operator for $\phi$. We offer a definition of positive recurrence for $\phi$ and show that it is a necessary and sufficient condition for a Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem to hold: there exist a $\sigma$-finite measure $\nu $, a continuous function $h>0$ and $\lambda >0$ such that $L_\phi ^{*}\nu =\lambda \nu$, $L_\phi h=\lambda h $ and $\lambda ^{-n}L_\phi ^nf\rightarrow h\int f\,d\nu$ for suitable functions $f$. We show that under certain conditions this convergence is uniform and exponential. We prove a decomposition theorem for positive recurrent functions and construct conformal measures and equilibrium measures. We give complete characterization of the situation when the equilibrium measure is a Gibbs measure. We end by giving examples where positive recurrence can be verified. These include functions of the form $$ \phi =\log f\left( \cfrac{1}{x_0+ \cfrac{1}{x_1+\dotsb }}\right), $$ where $f$ is a suitable function on a suitable shift $X$.

The specifics of mergers and acquisitions of innovative and technological companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1204
Author(s):  
A.V. Fedorov ◽  
Zh.S. Peredera
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. The article reviews distinctions of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Objectives. We determine the specifics of innovative and technological companies and its impact on the synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals. Methods. The article employs methods of generalization, comprehensive analysis, systematization, specification, comparison, study into trends and the structure. Graphics and tables are used to display the findings. Results. We conducted the content analysis of the term Mergers & Acquisitions, thus finding the divergence of foreign and the Russian approaches. We provide our own definition of the concept and analyzed the dynamics of the overall M&A market and the innovation and technological sector. The article describes operational distinctions of innovative and technological companies and compares them with conventional sectors. The article determined the specifics of synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Conclusions and Relevance. The innovation and technology sector saw M&A deals become more frequent for the recent five years. What distinguishes them is the number of startups and infant businesses, large M&A deals in order to develop their ecosystems, involve digital technology companies. Traditional approaches should be adapted for structuring M&A deals, their arrangement, financing and valuation of target companies. The findings can lay the groundwork for further studies into the specifics of the innovation and technology sector, M&A deals, and set up the methodological framework for the valuation of innovative and technological companies. The findings can also immediately support parties of M&A deals from theoretical perspectives.

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

scholarly journals The Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study—Defining a Threshold for Non-Cycloplegic Myopia Prevalence in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Aparna Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen ◽  
Viswanathan Sivaraman ◽  
Meenakshi Swaminathan ◽  
Yee Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction with an open-field auto refractor in a school vision screening set up, and to define a threshold for myopia that agrees with the standard cycloplegic refraction threshold. The study was conducted as part of the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) study, which investigated the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia among children in South India. Children from two schools aged 5 to 15 years, with no ocular abnormalities and whose parents gave informed consent for cycloplegic refraction were included in the study. All the children underwent visual acuity assessment (Pocket Vision Screener, Elite school of Optometry, India), followed by non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic (1% tropicamide) open-field autorefraction (Grand Seiko, WAM-5500). A total of 387 children were included in the study, of whom 201 were boys. The mean (SD) age of the children was 12.2 (±2.1) years. Overall, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) open-field autorefraction measures was 0.34 D (limits of agreement (LOA), 1.06 D to −0.38 D). For myopes, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic SE was 0.13 D (LOA, 0.63D to −0.36D). The prevalence of myopia was 12% (95% CI, 8% to 15%) using the threshold of cycloplegic SE ≤ −0.50 D, and was 14% (95% CI, 11% to 17%) with SE ≤ −0.50 D using non-cycloplegic refraction. When myopia was defined as SE of ≤−0.75 D under non-cycloplegic conditions, there was no difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic open-field autorefraction prevalence estimates (12%; 95% CI, 8% to 15%; p = 1.00). Overall, non-cycloplegic refraction underestimates hyperopia and overestimates myopia; but for subjects with myopia, this difference is minimal and not clinically significant. A threshold of SE ≤ −0.75 D agrees well for the estimation of myopia prevalence among children when using non-cycloplegic refraction and is comparable with the standard definition of cycloplegic myopic refraction of SE ≤ −0.50 D.

VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR SUBADDITIVE SEQUENCE OF POTENTIALS IN BUNDLE RANDOM DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANFENG MA ◽  
ERCAI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Variational Principle ◽  
Multifractal Analysis ◽  
Weak Condition ◽  
Random Dynamical Systems ◽  
Topological Pressure ◽  
Set Up

The topological pressure is defined for subadditive sequence of potentials in bundle random dynamical systems. A variational principle for the topological pressure is set up in a very weak condition. The result may have some applications in the study of multifractal analysis for random version of nonconformal dynamical systems.

scholarly journals Pseudoinversion of degenerate metrics

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (55) ◽  
pp. 3479-3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Atindogbe ◽  
J.-P. Ezin ◽  
Joël Tossa
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Smooth Manifold ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Type Operator ◽  
Lorentzian Space ◽  
Lightlike Hypersurface ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lightlike Hypersurfaces ◽  
Theoretical Results

Let(M,g)be a smooth manifoldMendowed with a metricg. A large class of differential operators in differential geometry is intrinsically defined by means of the dual metricg∗on the dual bundleTM∗of 1-forms onM. If the metricgis (semi)-Riemannian, the metricg∗is just the inverse ofg. This paper studies the definition of the above-mentioned geometric differential operators in the case of manifolds endowed with degenerate metrics for whichg∗is not defined. We apply the theoretical results to Laplacian-type operator on a lightlike hypersurface to deduce a Takahashi-like theorem (Takahashi (1966)) for lightlike hypersurfaces in Lorentzian spaceℝ1n+2.

THE SHANNON–MCMILLAN THEOREM FOR MARKOV CHAINS INDEXED BY A CAYLEY TREE IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyan Shi ◽  
Pingping Zhong ◽  
Yan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
State Space ◽  
Random Environment ◽  
Cayley Tree ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Countable State Space ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Countable State ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, we give the definition of tree-indexed Markov chains in random environment with countable state space, and then study the realization of Markov chain indexed by a tree in random environment. Finally, we prove the strong law of large numbers and Shannon–McMillan theorem for Markov chains indexed by a Cayley tree in a Markovian environment with countable state space.

scholarly journals The Effect of Transversal Connection in the in-Plane Response of Double-Leaf Brick Masonry Walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Scandolo ◽  
Stefano Podestà
Keyword(s):  
Structural Safety ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simplified Mechanical Model

Abstract The evaluation of structural safety derives from the knowledge of material properties. In case of existent masonry building, the definition of reliable mechanical parameters could be a very difficult task to be achieved. For this reason, an estimation of these values is useful, for example it is the first phase of the knowledge process, for simplified mechanical model or when NTD test is the only possibility.The transversal connection in masonry panels is a technological detail that affects the static and seismic behavior and could significantly increase the strength of the element.In this paper the effect of transversal connection in double-leaf brickwork masonry panels is evaluated by diagonal compression tests. To achieve this goal, a new set-up was designed to load each leaf independently.The results have shown an increment of about 20% in strength if transversal connection is present. If the leaves have very different mechanical parameters, the tests highlight an unexpected behavior.

scholarly journals Cytokine signature and COVID-19 prediction models in the two waves of pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Cabaro ◽  
Vittoria D’Esposito ◽  
Tiziana Di Matola ◽  
Silvia Sale ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractIn Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed. Here, we have investigated whether common patterns of cytokines could be detected in individuals with mild and severe forms of COVID-19 in two pandemic waves, and whether machine learning approach could be useful to identify the best predictors. An increasing trend of multiple cytokines was observed in patients with mild or severe/critical symptoms of COVID-19, compared with healthy volunteers. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) clearly recognized the three groups based on cytokine patterns. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) further indicated that IL-6 discriminated controls and COVID-19 patients, whilst IL-8 defined disease severity. During the second wave of pandemics, a less intense cytokine storm was observed, as compared with the first. IL-6 was the most robust predictor of infection and discriminated moderate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, regardless of epidemic peak curve. Thus, serum cytokine patterns provide biomarkers useful for COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Further definition of individual cytokines may allow to envision novel therapeutic options and pave the way to set up innovative diagnostic tools.

scholarly journals Freestyle Markup Language

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Pondorf ◽  
Andreas Witt
Keyword(s):  
Markup Language ◽  
Object Graph ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Current Standards

This paper provides a new generation of a markup language by introducing the Freestyle Markup Language (FML). Demands placed on the language are elaborated, considering current standards and discussions. Conception, a grammatical definition, a corresponding object graph and the bi-directional unambiguous transformation between these two congruent representation forms are set up. The result of this paper is a fundamental definition of a completely new markup language, consolidating many deficiency-discourses and experiences into one particular implementation concept, encouraging the evolution of markup.

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