Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Behavior of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850045
Author(s):  
M. Dinesh ◽  
R. Ravindran ◽  
V. Rukkumani ◽  
K. Srinivasan ◽  
M. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Dihydrate ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Co Precipitation

Nanocrystalline SnO2powder has been successfully synthesized by using tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O), distilled water and liquid ammonia by the simple chemical co-precipitation method at room temperature using different SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O molar concentration of 0.3[Formula: see text]M, 0.4[Formula: see text]M and 0.5[Formula: see text]M. The structural properties of the prepared SnO2and transition metal doped SnO2nanoparticles has been studied using X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope. The composition of the powders has been analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The XRD pattern of the SnO2nanoparticles indicates the formation of single-phase rutile tetragonal structure. The grain size is found to be in the range of 3–7[Formula: see text]nm and is found to increase with increasing SnCl2molar concentration. The absorption spectra revealed that the bandgap decreased from 3.74[Formula: see text]eV to 3.59[Formula: see text]eV with increasing SnCl2molar concentration. The photoluminescence spectra of SnO2nanoparticles showed a visible broad luminescence band in the region of 385–430[Formula: see text]nm. The magnetic studies have been carried out using the hysteresis loop obtained from a vibrating sample magnetometer. The SnO2samples using 0.3 and 0.4 SnCl2molar concentration exhibited ferromagnetic behavior whereas the SnO2sample prepared using 0.5[Formula: see text]M SnCl[Formula: see text]H2O exhibited paramagnetic nature.

STRUCTURAL, SURFACE MORPHOLOGICAL AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF Zn1−xFexS (x=0.00–0.10) DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS GROWN BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850044
Author(s):  
M. HASSAN ◽  
M. GHAZANFAR ◽  
N. AROOJ ◽  
S. RIAZ ◽  
S. SAJJAD HUSSAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors ◽  
Magnetic Semiconductors ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Diluted Magnetic ◽  
Co Precipitation

We have fabricated Zn[Formula: see text]FexS ([Formula: see text], 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) diluted magnetic semiconductors using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction patterns depict that Zn[Formula: see text]FexS appears as a dominant phase with cubic zinc blende structure and nanoscale crystallite size. In addition, a secondary phase of rhombohedral ZnS also appears; however, no additional phase arises that primarily belongs to Fe dopant. Using Debye–Scherrer relation, the crystallite size is found to be in the range of 20–27[Formula: see text]nm, which is in good agreement with the crystallite size calculated using the Williamson–Hall (WH) plot method. The appearance of secondary phase provoked to study the residual strain using Stokes–Wilson equation, which is nearly consistent to that observed using WH plot method. The surface morphology, revealed using scanning electron microscopy, depicts non-uniform surface structure with a variety of grains and void dimensions. Hysteresis loops measured for Zn[Formula: see text]FexS at room temperature (RT) illustrate a paramagnetic behavior at higher fields; however, small ferromagnetic behavior is evident due to the small openings of the measured hysteresis loops around the origin. The measured RT ferromagnetism reveals the potential spintronic device applications of the studied diluted magnetic semiconductors.

Effect of Noble Metals on Selective Detection of LPG Based on SnO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ratna Phani ◽  
M. Pelino
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Co Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe present investigation deals with the electrical response of noble metal doped SnO2 to improve the selectivity for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the presence of CO and CH4. Addition of small amounts of nobel metals (Pd, Pt and Rh) to the base material SnO2 is carried out by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies are carried out to find out the crystalline phase and chemical composition of the SnO2. The sensor element has been tested for cross selectivity to reducing gases by measuring sensitivity versus sintering temperatures and sensitivity versus operating temperatures. The sensor elements with the composition of Pd (1.5 wt%) andPt (1.5 wt%) in the base material SnO2 sintered at 800°C showed high sensitivity towards LPG at an operating temperature of 350°C suggestingthe possibility to utilize the sensor for the detection of LPG.

scholarly journals Assessing magnetic and inductive thermal properties of various surfactants functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Rajan ◽  
Madhulika Sharma ◽  
Niroj Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Inductive Heating ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract This work reports the fabrication of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with various biocompatible surfactants such as glutamic acid (GA), citric acid (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), ethylene diamine (EDA) and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via co-precipitation method and their comparative inductive heating ability for hyperthermia (HT) applications. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses validated the formation of well crystallined inverse spinel structured Fe3O4 NPs (crystallite size of ~ 8–10 nm). Magnetic studies confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) behaviour for all the NPs with substantial magnetisation (63–68 emu/g) and enhanced magnetic susceptibility is attributed to the greater number of occupations of Fe2+ ions in the lattice as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, distinctive heating response (specific absorption rate, SAR from 130 to 44 W/g) of NPs with similar size and magnetisation is observed. The present study was successful in establishing a direct correlation between relaxation time (~ 9.42–15.92 ns) and heating efficiency of each surface functionalised NPs. Moreover, heat dissipated in different surface grafted NPs is found to be dependent on magnetic susceptibility, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxation time. These results open very promising avenues to design surface functionalised magnetite NPs for effective HT applications.

EFFECT OF JUMP LENGTH OF ELECTRON AND CATION DISTRIBUTION STUDY OF Co1-xZnxFe2-xAlxO4

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236
Author(s):  
S. T. ALONE ◽  
R. H. KADAM ◽  
SAGAR E. SHIRSATH ◽  
K. M. JADHAV
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Cation Distribution ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Study ◽  
Jump Length ◽  
Cationic Distribution ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
A Site

The zinc and aluminum co-substituted cobalt ferrite of the series Co 1-x Zn x Fe 2-x Al x O 4 were prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation method. The variation of lattice constant and jump length of electron of wet and annealed samples was studied. The variation of lattice constant and jump length of electron of wet and annealed wet samples shows that it increases up to x=0.2 thereafter x>0.2 it decreases in both the cases. In the present work the values of tetrahedral and octahedral bond length (dAx) and (dBx), shared tetrahedral and octahedral edge was also studied. The cationic distribution is calculated on the basis X-ray diffraction method. The cation distribution estimated from X-ray intensity ratio calculations suggest that, Zn 2+ ions occupies only tetrahedral (A) site whereas Al 3+ ions occupies both tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites.

scholarly journals Application of Copper doped Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystallites for controlling Oral Pathogen activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1324-1327
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Co Precipitation

In this study, we tend to incontestable the synthesis and antimicrobial action of Copper doped Cadmium Sulphide nanomaterials averse oral pathogens.Using Chemical Co-Precipitation method, Copper doped cadmium sulphide (Cu:CdS) nanomaterials are Synthesised. The sizes of the samples prepared are found by XRD (x-ray diffraction) method. SEM (scanning electron microscopy carried out to find the Morphological analysis. Materials present are confirmed by EDAX (energy dispersive analysis of x-ray spectroscopy) method. The outcomes showed that the proteins, which contain amine gatherings, played a diminishing and controlling obligation during the arrangement of Copper doped cadmium sulphide (Cu:CdS) nanomaterials in the colloidal arrangement. The antimicrobial action was evaluated against oral pathogens, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella flexneri and these outcomes affirmed that the Copper doped Cadmium sulphide nanomaterials are showing great bactericial action.

scholarly journals X-RD, TEM, Magnetic Studies on NixZn1-xFe2O4 (Where x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8) Nano Scale Particles by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
B. Suryanarayana ◽  
V. Raghavendra ◽  
K. Chandra Mouli
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Zinc Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

Nickel zinc nanoparticles NixZn1-xFe2O4 (where x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8) by Chemical Co-Precipitation method. The samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, VSM .The powders of XRD patterns confirm a single spinel crystalline phase with cubic structure formation with no indication of any other secondary or unidentified phase. The lattice parameter changed from 8.336 Å to 8.382 Å. The average particle size ranged 20 to 80 nm was observed by TEM.

scholarly journals Magnetic and Microwave Absorbing of Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 Synthesized with Co-Precipitation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mia Adha ◽  
Y. Yunasfi ◽  
N. Nurhasni
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Formed Precipitate ◽  
Microwave Absorbing ◽  
Co Precipitation

Characterization of magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 synthesized with co-precipitation method have been carried out. Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 (with x = 0.0; 0.4; and 0.8) powders was synthesized from mixture of NiCl2, NdCl3 and FeCl3 in mole ratio. Mixing of this powders were soluted with NH4OH 4M up to pH = 9.0. The formed precipitate were washed with demineralized water up to pH = 7.0 and then dryed at 120 oC for 5 h, sintered at 1200 for 3 h. Phase identification with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) have formed composite multiphases, which indicated by the appearance of MnFe2O4, NdFeO3 and Fe2O3 phase. The magnetic measurement using VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) showed that the sample exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior, the Ms value is lower (in the range of 30 – 11 emu/g) while the Hc value is greater (in the range of 111 – 132 Oe) with increased concentration of Nd3+ ion (x values). Measurement by VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) showed the ability of absorption of microwaves increased with increasing content of Nd3+ ion, the composition of x = 0.0 at about 70% and addition of Nd3+ ion up to composition x = 0.8 at about 91%. Keywords: MnNd ferrite, co-precipitation methode, magnetic properties, microwave absorption

Barium Titanate Nanopowders Prepared from the Modified Oxalate Co-Precipitation Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Chanitpa Khantha ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Dihydrate ◽  
Barium Titanyl Oxalate ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Titanyl Oxalate ◽  
Barium Titanium

Barium titanate nanopowders were prepared from the modified oxalate co-precipitation method. Barium chloride dihydrate and potassium titanyl oxalate dihydrate were used as the starting precursors with the mole ratio of Ba:Ti as 1:1. Barium titanyl oxalate complex powders were obtained after adjusting the final of pH of the solution to 1. The precipitates were filtered, washed and dried at 100 oC for 5h. The precipitate powders were calcined at 400-700 oC for 2h. The phase transition was studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Cubic structure of barium titanate was obtained after calcinations at 700 oC for 2h. The morphology and chemical composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The range of particle size was 50-100 nm with irregular in shape. The elemental composition of barium, titanium and oxygen showed the characteristic X-ray energy values.

scholarly journals Photoluminescent Properties of Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Edna X. Figueroa-Rosales ◽  
Javier Martínez-Juárez ◽  
Esmeralda García-Díaz ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Cruz ◽  
Sergio A. Sabinas-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Functionalized Mwcnts

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were obtained by the co-precipitation method, followed by ultrasound-assisted and microwave radiation and thermal treatment at 250 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a hexagonal phase in all the samples, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy elucidated the interaction between HAp and MWCNTs. The photoluminescent technique revealed that HAp and the composite with non-functionalized MWCNTs present a blue luminescence, while the composite with functionalized MWCNTs, under UV-vis radiation shows an intense white emission. These findings allowed presentation of a proposal for the use of HAp and HAp with functionalized MWCNTs as potential materials for optoelectronic and medical applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fe-Mg Binary Oxide for As (III) Adsorption—Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetic Modelling

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah Khan ◽  
Rumman Zaidi ◽  
Feroz Shaik ◽  
Izharul Haq Farooqi ◽  
Ameer Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Contaminated Waters

Nanotechnology has received much attention in treating contaminated waters. In the present study, a facile co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize a novel iron and magnesium based binary metal oxide using a stoichiometrically fixed amount of FeNO3.9H2O and MgNO3.6H2O in a proportion of molar concentration 1:1 and was later evaluated in removing As (III) from contaminated waters. Characterization of the prepared nanomaterial was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). Experimental studies on batch scale were carried out, examining the effect of varying initial concentrations of metal, adsorbent dosage, application time and initial pH on removal efficiency. Arsenic removal increased on increasing adsorbent dosage (0.1–1 g/L) but trend reversed on increasing initial arsenic concentration attaining qmax of 263.20 mg/g. Adsorption was quite efficient in pH range 4–8. Freundlich fitted better for adsorption isotherm along with following Pseudo-2nd order kinetics. The reusability and effect of co-existing ions on arsenic adsorption, namely SO42−, CO32− and PO43− were also explored with reusability in 1st and 2nd cycles attained adsorptive removal up to 77% and 64% respectively. The prepared nano-adsorbent showed promising results in terms of high arsenic uptake (qmax of 263.20 mg/g) along with facile and cost-effective synthesis. Thus, the co-precipitation technique used in this work is a simple one step procedure without any use of any precursor as compared to most of the other procedures used for synthesis.

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