Effect of absorber layer bandgap of CIGS-based solar cell with (CdS/ZnS) buffer layer

This article uses computational models to evaluate the potential of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. The use of cadmium sulphide (CdS) renders the solar cell environmentally hazardous. A zinc sulphide (ZnS) that is non-toxic and has a large bandgap is studied as a potential replacement for cadmium sulphide in CIGS-based solar cells. The present research focuses on the impact of the CIGS-based solar cell bandgap absorber layer by increasing the absorber layer thickness (0.1-2 μm) using the solar cell simulator simulation tool SCAPS. The basic simulation produces 18.2 % efficiency with a CdS buffer layer, which is 9.95% better than the previously published work. The Simulated efficiency is 22.16% for the CIGS solar cell using ZnS. The simulation of solar cell characteristics of how the thickness of the absorber layer, the gallium grading (efficiency ranges up to 22.25 %) is demonstrated, showing the effect of buffer layer (ZnS) on the current of short-circuit density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) of the solar cell.

Quantum dot solar cells for future electric prospects - A small Review

Owing to their versatile electro-optic properties semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are gaining greater attention towards photovoltaic applications. Although hybrid solar cells, which are obtained by the blend of carbon-based and inorganic resources have the probable to attain higher energy conversion efficiencies, the current efficiencies are stumpy. Strategy aspects especially the electronic structure of the inanimate materials which are used as the electronic acceptors in mixture solar cells plays an important role in providing good performance. Among the four major inorganic material types which were scrutinized namely cadmium mixtures, silicon, metallic oxide nano particles besides short band gap nanoparticles, Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) quantum dots are having higher (>4%) power conversion efficiencies. As far as the academic and industrial communities are concerned, dye -sensitized solar cell has attained high priority in accordance with its good efficiencies, ease in manufacturing, low cost etc., Despite the above-mentioned advantages or the positive characteristics of vivid solar cells, the heed is towards the solar cells through extremely tinny absorber, solar cells by quantum dots absorber coatings. In accordance with which we have discussed about the quantum dot solar cells keeping electrical parameters as the highest priority. Herein we present some small review on recent studies in QD solar cells considering their electrical and impedance properties, effect of incorporation of nano materials in solar cells.

Properties of poly (vinyl chloride) membranes containing cadmium pigments, irradiated with UV radiation

The cadmium pigments were yellow, orange and red pigments. They consisted of cadmium sulphide and cadmium sulphide with zinc sulphide as well as cadmium sulphide with cadmium selenide. Their quantitative composition and specific surface area were examined. The pigments were used to color the poly (vinyl chloride) plastisol films, which were then exposed to UV radiation. The surfaces of the coloured membranes were examined by infrared spectroscopy before and after irradiation with UV. The changes occurred in the PVC membrane were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The degree of crystallinity of the pigments and the membrane was determined by X-ray diffraction. The color change of the membranes was determined from the spectra obtained by reflection spectroscopy, and the components of colour L*, a* and b* were calculated. Base of them, the tolerance of colour deviations (ΔE*) was determined. The calculations allowed for the determination of the effect of UV irradiation on the change of the colour of the membranes and confirmation of the degradation of the pigments and polymer membrane.

Interaction of metal sulphides in films deposited from solutions of thiourea coordination compounds. Review

Metal sulphides are highly important for the technology of semiconductor film materials. The potential of these compounds has not been exhausted yet when it comes to creating optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and luminescent devices based on them. The goal of this work was to determine the nature of interaction of sulphides in polycrystalline layers of CdS–MemSn, where Me are metals of groups I–VII of the periodic table. Cadmium sulphide was chosen as the common component of all studied systems due to the great photoelectric and luminescent properties of this well-studied material.It was shown that using aerosol spray pyrolysis of the solutions of thiourea complexes, we can obtain solid solutions and chemical compounds of CdS–MеmSn at temperatures not exceeding 500 °C. The main electric, optical, and luminescent properties of the layers were described.It was established that the use of aerosol spray pyrolysis of the solutions of thiourea coordination compounds allows significantly expanding the areas of solubility during the formation of solid sulphide solutions. The specific character of solid-phase interaction and nonequilibrium of the processes occurring during the deposition of layers allow avoiding structural incompatibility of the components expressed in the form of typical factors, such as the non-uniformity of crystal structure, differences in the chemical nature of the components, and discrepancies in sizes of substituting/penetrating atoms.Under such conditions of deposition of films (the lower threshold of deposition temperatures is determined by the temperature of decomposition of the most thermally stable thiourea coordination compound and does not exceed 250 °С), the solid-phase interactions of most sulphides cannot be achieved. Therefore, the interaction occurs at the moment of thermal destruction of complex compounds due to the emerging valence opportunities of their structural fragments

Analysis of luminescence, morphological and thermal behaviour of conjugated polymer/CdS electrospun nanofiber

Electro spun composite nanofibers of three series were prepared using different polymers (P1, P2, P3) and cadmium sulphide (CdS). Organic polymers of carbazole based quinoline (P1), quinoxaline (P2), and pyrazine (P3) hybrid with inorganic CdS nanofibers were characterized by XRD and FTIR technique. Collective arrangement of spiderweb-like morphology was observed for all nanofibers. Deviations of absorption and photoluminescence were monitored and a significant blue shift was found after doping CdS and PVA. It was found that the changes in the PL spectra of polymers originated from the chemical interactions between polymer and CdS. The diameter of nanofibers was observed as 127-347 nm from SEM analysis and 66-213 nm from TEM analysis. Optimum thermal stability of the composite nanofibers was achieved up to 200 °C. Compared with pure polymers and CdS, present nanofibers were good thermal stability, apparent blue shift with bluish emission which is suitable for optoelectronics application.