Modeling Reverse Logistics Barriers in Manufacturing Industry of Pakistan: An ISM and MICMAC Approach

Due to industrialization, increasing solid waste is affecting environmental integrity globally. Reverse logistics (RL) has become a significant tool to deal with environmental degradation issues, and it is being implemented in developed countries. However, RL is at the infancy stage in developing countries especially in Pakistan due to different obstacles. This study aims to identify and analyzes the interrelationship between barriers affecting RL implementation in Pakistani manufacturing industry using an integrated methodology of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC approach. Results of ISM and MICMAC identified organizational, financial, and technological barriers as dependent barriers. However, lack of government policy incentives, lack of responsiveness about RL, lack of enforceable laws on product return, changing in regulations due to political changes, lack of environmental law awareness and lack of corporate social responsibility emerged out as top-ranked barriers driving other barriers that need to be addressed. An inter-relationship based structural model will be helpful for supply chain and RL professional in understanding major obstacles to RL implementation and develop a strategy to promote RL in the manufacturing industry.

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Barriers to adoption of reverse logistics: a case of construction, real estate, infrastructure and project (CRIP) sectors

Engineering Construction & Architectural Management ◽

10.1108/ecam-02-2021-0112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Sudhir Ambekar ◽

Dipayan Roy ◽

Amit Hiray ◽

Anand Prakash ◽

Vishal Singh Patyal

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Reverse Logistics ◽

Delphi Study ◽

Structural Model ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

Organizational Policies ◽

Technology System ◽

Inadequate Information ◽

Scarcity Of Resources

PurposeThis study attempts to identify and analyse the barriers to implementing a reverse logistics (RL) system in Indian Construction, Real estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) sectors and present a structured model to identify interdependencies among them.Design/methodology/approachThe barriers to implementing RL in CRIP sectors in India were identified using a Delphi study. The interdependencies were identified using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Further, using the Matriced' Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC) analysis, the barriers were classified on the basis of their driving power and interdependencies.FindingsThe study has identified ten barriers that can hamper the application of an RL system in CRIP sectors. The finding of the ISM model shows that macro level barriers such as lack of awareness of reverse logistics, insufficient government policies and unavailability of standard codes stimulate each other and also drive all other barriers. The organization-specific barriers operating at the strategic/tactical level, namely, company's rigid mechanism, lack of awareness of economic profits, inadequate company’s organizational policies and lack of training, reluctance from stakeholders, scarcity of resources and finance from company are found at the intermediate level of hierarchy and they can be influenced by the barriers at the lower level and influence the barriers on the and higher levels. The operational level barrier namely “Inadequate Information Technology system” is at the top of the hierarchy and can be driven by all the barriers at the lower level.Research limitations/implicationsThe present findings are based on the opinions of experts only from Indian CRIP sectors so the results may require to be validated in other contexts.Practical implicationsThe structural model presenting the interdependencies will be a guide for the CRIP supply chain professionals in understanding and ranking the barriers they may face while implementing the RL system.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by providing a set of barriers and their interdependencies faced during the implementation of an RL system implementation in CRIP sectors. It is one of the first studies which identifies barriers applicable to the CRIP firms in India and models their inter-dependencies. Additionally Consequently, these firms can make a move forward towards a circular economy by overcoming these interlinked barriers.

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Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Value Chains

Comparative Perspectives on Global Corporate Social Responsibility - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0720-8.ch012 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 241-257

Author(s):

Ahmad Hassan ◽

Peter Lund-Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Global Value Chains ◽

Value Chains ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Governance Processes

In this chapter, we make a contribution to the literature on corporate social responsibility in global value chains that link dispersed consumers and importers in developed countries with local manufacturers, workers, and communities in developing countries. We create an integrated analytical framework and a methodology that can guide master-level and Ph.D. students as well as practitioners on how they may map the governance processes through which multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in global value chains are formulated, implemented, monitored as well as the impact that MSI standards have on the work conditions of those laboring at the base of global value chains. We use a stylized case study of fair trade in the football manufacturing industry in Pakistan to illustrate how the framework and the methodology might be applied to the empirical analysis of MSI governance processes and their impacts on workers' conditions in export-oriented industries in the South.

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Mapping Interactions among Green Innovations Barriers in Manufacturing Industry Using Hybrid Methodology: Insights from a Developing Country

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7885

Author(s):

Sajid Ullah ◽

Naveed Ahmad ◽

Farman Ullah Khan ◽

Alina Badulescu ◽

Daniel Badulescu

Keyword(s):

Delphi Method ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Matrix Multiplication ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Fear Of Failure ◽

Green Innovation ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Environmental Institutions ◽

Environmental Deterioration ◽

Three Phase

Recent years have witnessed continuous rise in adopting green innovations which is considered as an important organizational instrument to achieve profits by reducing environmental deterioration. However, green innovation in developing countries, especially in Pakistan, is surprisingly scant as compared to developed countries. This paper empirically investigated obstacles to green innovations in Pakistani manufacturing firms. Specifically, a novel three phase methodological framework was applied to investigate significant barriers and filtration by integrating Delphi method (DM), interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC). Our results highlighted that lack of enforceable laws regarding returned goods and recycled products, lack of rules and regulations for green practices, and lack of collaboration with government and environmental institutions are most critical barriers. However, fear of failure about green innovation is least important barriers to green innovations adoption. This study offers interesting clues to promote green innovation in manufacturing industry.

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Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Value Chains

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch017 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 305-321

Author(s):

Ahmad Hassan ◽

Peter Lund-Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Global Value Chains ◽

Value Chains ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Governance Processes

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How Corporate Social Responsibility and External Stakeholder Concerns Affect Green Supply Chain Cooperation among Manufacturers: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2518

Author(s):

Xiangmeng Huang ◽

Shuai Yang ◽

Xiaolan Shi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Structural Model ◽

Green Supply Chain ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

External Stakeholder ◽

Corporate Social

The past decade saw an increasing development and improvement of green supply chain, but the environmental performances cannot be achieved by single enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the influencing factors that hinder the cooperation of green supply chain, so as to make full use of these influencing factors to improve environmental performance. In consultation with supply chain management practitioners and academics, this paper establishes a set of 19 influencing factors for green supply chain cooperation among Chinese manufacturers The corporate social responsibility as internal effect and external stakeholder concern as external effect is considered in this study and the interpreted structural model (ISM) method is used to analyze the interaction among these influencing factors and its impact on green supply chain cooperation. This study aims to identify the most significant impacts on environmental issues with supply chain partners and to understand how these impacts can help improve the environmental performance throughout the supply chain.

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The Impact of Sustainability Awareness and Moral Values on Environmental Laws

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5882

Author(s):

Rita Yi Man Li ◽

Yi Lut Li ◽

M. James C. Crabbe ◽

Otilia Manta ◽

Muhammad Shoaib

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Moral Values ◽

Web Pages ◽

Environmental Legislation ◽

Environmental Laws ◽

Academic Publications ◽

The Impact

We argue that environmental legislation and regulation of more developed countries reflects significantly their moral values, but in less developed countries it differs significantly from their moral values. We examined this topic by using the keywords “sustainability” and “sustainable development”, studying web pages and articles published between 1974 to 2018 in Web of Science, Scopus and Google. Australia, Zimbabwe, and Uganda were ranked as the top three countries in the number of Google searches for sustainability. The top five cities that appeared in sustainability searches through Google are all from Africa. In terms of academic publications, China, India, and Brazil record among the largest numbers of sustainability and sustainable development articles in Scopus. Six out of the ten top productive institutions publishing sustainable development articles indexed in Scopus were located in developing countries, indicating that developing countries are well aware of the issues surrounding sustainable development. Our results show that when environmental law reflects moral values for betterment, legal adoption is more likely to be successful, which usually happens in well-developed regions. In less-developed states, environmental law differs significantly from moral values, such that changes in moral values are necessary for successful legal implementation. Our study has important implications for the development of policies and cultures, together with the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations in all countries.

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Factors Affecting the Lut Desert Tourism in Iran: Developing an Interpretive-Structural Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7245

Author(s):

Beniamino Murgante ◽

Mohammad Eskandari Sani ◽

Sara Pishgahi ◽

Moslem Zarghamfard ◽

Fatemeh Kahaki

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Structural Model ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Structural Modeling ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Interpretive Structural Model ◽

Lut Desert

The Lut desert is one of the largest and most attractive deserts in Iran. The value of desert tourism remains unclear for Iran’s economy and has only recently been taken into consideration by the authorities, although its true national and international value remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the factors that influence tourism development in the Lut desert. Data collected through the purposive sampling method was analyzed using Interpretive Structural Modeling and the MICMAC Analysis. According to the results, cost-effective travel expenses, security, and safety provided in the desert, together with appropriate media advertising and illustration of the Lut desert (branding) are the leading factors that influence tourism in the Lut desert in Iran. This paper highlighted the importance of desert tourism, especially in this region.

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Certain Aspects of Family Policy Incentives for Childbearing—A Hungarian Study with an International Outlook

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113976 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3976 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Judit Sági ◽

Csaba Lentner

Keyword(s):

Family Policy ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Cultural Economic ◽

Policy Regime ◽

New Family ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Fiscal Incentives ◽

The Government ◽

Policy Incentives

Decreasing trends in birth rates in developed countries during the past decades, which threaten the sustainability of their populations, raise concerns in the areas of employment and social security, among others. A decrease in willingness to bear children has been examined in the international literature from several (biological, socio-cultural, economic, and spatial, etc.) aspects. Among these, the question of the effectiveness of fiscal incentives has been raised, with arguments that these are positive, but not significant, to birth rates; our study also concludes this. In Hungary, from 2010 onwards, the government has introduced very high tax allowances for families and, from 2015, has provided direct subsidies for housing purposes, all within a framework of a new family policy regime. This paper presents an evaluation of family policy interventions (e.g., housing support, tax allowances, other child-raising benefits), with the conclusion that fiscal incentives cannot be effective by themselves; a sustainable level of birth rates can only be maintained, but not necessarily increased, with an optimal design of family policy incentives. By studying the Hungarian example of pro-birth policies there is shown to be a policy gap in housing subsidies.

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