Analyzing electricity generation sector developments in China is akin to observing a person emerging from a supermarket with a shopping cart half-full with dietary products and half-full with chocolates and other sweets and trying to determine whether or not the person is going on a diet. On the one hand, in 2009 China surpassed the United States as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG). Not only is China the world’s largest consumer (and producer) of coal; by 2030, coal consumption in China is expected to increase 41% from 2010 levels. On the other hand, China boasts a burgeoning wind power market. In 2012, nearly one of every three MW of installed wind power capacity was installed in China. As of December 2012, China enjoys top global spot in aggregate installed wind power capacity with 75,324 MW installed, 20% of global capacity. China is also the fastest growing nuclear power market in the world with 40,000 MW of installed nuclear power capacity expected by 2020. Although Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997, his famous axiom “It doesn’t matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice” (In Mandarin 不管白猫黑猫, 会捉老鼠就是好猫), which was invoked to describe the underlying premise behind political and market reform embraced by the Communist Party of China (CPC), still reigns true in China today. Accordingly, one cannot help but wonder what type of mice China’s laudable commitment to wind power is intended to catch. Is this a strategic initiative that will lead to China establishing new benchmarks for wind power leadership, or is it simply a small part of an all-out effort on the part of the CPC to keep up with burgeoning demand for energy in whatever way that works? In this chapter, sociopolitical economic influences on wind power development will be examined with an intention to try to explain China’s remarkable recent achievements in wind power. The reader will find that wind power policy in China is not just about energy economics; rather, it is a tale of pragmatic planning, strategic foresight, and gradualist politics.