VULNERABILITY OF BUILDINGS TO LONG DISTANCE EARTHQUAKES FROM SUMATRA

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
T. BALENDRA ◽  
Z. J. LI ◽  
K. H. TAN ◽  
C. G. KOH
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Capacity Curve ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Vulnerability Of Buildings

This study focuses on seismic vulnerability of shear wall – frame buildings in Singapore when they are subjected to far field effects of earthquakes in Sumatra. For this purpose, the demand curve was obtained based on the accelerograms of bedrock motions due to the worst earthquake scenario in Sumatra, and soil profiles of the selected sites. The recent two strong earthquakes in Sumatra were considered when the design earthquake was identified. On the other hand, the capacity curve was determined by a reliable and elegant analytical model validated by experimental results. By comparing the demand curve and capacity curve, seismic vulnerability of buildings is evaluated through a case study of a 25 story shear wall-frame building, representing the typical high rise building in Singapore. The case study reveals that high rise buildings in Singapore may suffer damages due to the worst earthquake scenario.

RETROFIT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
K. H. TAN ◽  
T. BALENDRA
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Frame Building

Buildings sited on soft soils are sometimes subjected to tremors due to earthquakes occurring some 400 to 700 kilometers away as a result of the amplifying effect of soft soils on low-frequency, long-distance waves. This study focuses on the seismic vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Singapore that are designed primarily for gravity loads, and examines the use of externally bonded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems in retrofitting these buildings to resist lateral forces due to seismic action. Two case studies were considered: (1) a four-story frame building, representing typical low-rise buildings; and (2) a 25-story shear wall-frame building, representing typical high-rise buildings. Pushover tests were carried out correspondingly on 1/2-scale sub-frames and 1/5-scale shear walls. The one-and-a-half bay, two-storey frame specimens represent the critical part of the low-rise building while the I-shaped wall specimens represent the lower critical 2.6 stories of the high-rise building. Test results revealed a strong column–weak beam failure mechanism for both the un-retrofitted and retrofitted frames. The retrofitted frame was 30 percent higher in ultimate strength but 12 percent lesser in ultimate drift ratio compared to the un-retrofitted frame. For the wall specimens, sudden failure of the un-retrofitted shear wall was observed at the base of the side walls due to shear. Failure of the retrofitted wall was however more ductile with FRP debonding, followed by concrete crushing and FRP rupture at the compressive base of the side wall. The ultimate load capacity and lateral displacement of the retrofitted wall increased respectively by 45 and 66 percent.

scholarly journals Model Analysis and Optimization of BIM Technology in High-rise Shear Wall Residential Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Liangli Xiao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhuang Du ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Kai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
High Rise

This study combines specific high-rise shear wall residential projects with the Revit to demonstrate BIM application processes. The use of R-Star CAD may help to realize the link barrier of the building information model and the structural analysis software PKPM. Sequentially, the information supplement of the structural analysis model is completed by extracting the structural information with the Revit secondary development. By the collaborative design platform based on BIM technology, the paper examines the collision check of structural model, conducts collision analysis on other professional models and modifies the design scheme for conflict points. After the statistics of material usage, an optimized design is proposed. The findings of this paper could contribute to provide some reference for the specific application of BIM in structural design and realize the application of BIM technology in the process of building structure design.

COMBINING ORAL TRADITIONS AND BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING TO UNDERSTAND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF PAPUA (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chris Urwin ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
Henry Arifeae
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gulf Of Papua ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two ancestral village sites in Orokolo Bay: Popo and Mirimua Mapoe. A Bayesian model composed of 35 14C assays from seven excavations, alongside the oral traditional accounts, demonstrates that people lived at Popo from 765–575 cal BP until 220–40 cal BP, at which time they moved southwards to Mirimua Mapoe. The village of Popo spanned ca. 34 ha and was composed of various estates, each occupied by a different tribe. Through time, the inhabitants of Popo transformed (e.g., expanded, contracted, and shifted) the village to manage social and ceremonial priorities, long-distance exchange opportunities and changing marine environments. Ours is a crucial case study of how oral traditional ways of understanding the past interrelate with the information generated by Bayesian 14C analyses. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations, strengths, and uncertainties inherent to these forms of chronological knowledge.

scholarly journals Challenges in Evaluating Seismic Collapse Risk for RC Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Zhelun Zhang ◽  
Tessa Williams ◽  
Sashi K. Kunnath
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Ground Motion Selection ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Seismic Collapse

AbstractThe development of fragility functions that express the probability of collapse of a building as a function of some ground motion intensity measure is an effective tool to assess seismic vulnerability of structures. However, a number of factors ranging from ground motion selection to modeling decisions can influence the quantification of collapse probability. A methodical investigation was carried out to examine the effects of component modeling and ground motion selection in establishing demand and collapse risk of a typical reinforced concrete frame building. The primary system considered in this study is a modern 6-story RC moment frame building that was designed to current code provisions in a seismically active region. Both concentrated and distributed plasticity beam–column elements were used to model the building frame and several options were considered in constitutive modeling for both options. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were carried out using two suites of ground motions—the first set comprised site-dependent ground motions, while the second set was a compilation of hazard-consistent motions using the conditional scenario spectra approach. Findings from the study highlight the influence of modeling decisions and ground motion selection in the development of seismic collapse fragility functions and the characterization of risk for various demand levels.

Long distance pollen-mediated gene flow at a landscape level: the weed beet as a case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3801-3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE FÉNART ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC AUSTERLITZ ◽  
JOËL CUGUEN ◽  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Landscape Level
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