A simple sorting algorithm for compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050079
Author(s):  
Aubrey Blecher ◽  
Charlotte Brennan ◽  
Arnold Knopfmacher ◽  
Toufik Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Sorting Algorithm ◽  
Arbitrary Composition ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Geometry ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Natural Way

We provide a particular measure for the degree to which an arbitrary composition deviates from increasing sorted order. The application of such a measure to the transport industry is given in the introduction. In order to obtain this measure, we define a statistic called the number of pushes in an arbitrary composition (which is required to produce sorted order) and obtain a generating function for this. The concept of a push is a geometrical one and leads naturally to several dependant concepts which are investigated. These are the number of cells which do not move in the pushing process and the number of cells that coincide before and after the pushing process (a number not less than those that do not move). The concept of a push leads to combining certain single pushes in a natural way which we define as a frictionless push. A generating function for these is also developed. The underlying geometry of the process also leads naturally to counting the largest first component of arbitrary compositions that are already in a sorted order. We provide a generating function for this.

A note on a functional equation arising in Galton-Watson branching processes

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Watson Process ◽  
Natural Way

The functional equation ϕ(mu) = h(ϕ(u)) where is a probability generating function with 1 < m = h'(1 –) < ∞ and where F(t) is a non-decreasing right continuous function with F(0 –) = 0, F(0 +) < 1 and F(+ ∞) = 1 arises in a Galton-Watson process in a natural way. We prove here that for any if and only if This unifies several results in the literature on the supercritical Galton-Watson process. We generalize this to an age dependent branching process case as well.

Destructive Modeling by Volume Decomposition and Its Applications

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonhwan Woo ◽  
Sang Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Volume Decomposition ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Natural Way

Adding simple volumes, which are often called primitives, is a natural way to construct complex solid models. Conversely, cell-based volume decomposition is the existing method to decompose a complex solid model into simpler volumes that are often the primitives used to create the model. One problem of this volume decomposition is that it generates a large number of cells, many of which are unnecessary for the decomposition. In this paper, a volume decomposition method that improves the performance by avoiding generating the unnecessary cells is presented. Some possible applications are also presented to attest the usefulness of this volume decomposition method.

scholarly journals Self-Regulation in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders “SR-MRehab: Un Colegio Emocionante”: A Protocol Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4198
Author(s):  
Dulce Romero-Ayuso ◽  
Pablo Alcántara-Vázquez ◽  
Ana Almenara-García ◽  
Irene Nuñez-Camarero ◽  
José Matías Triviño-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Modulation ◽  
Protocol Study ◽  
Natural Way

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control and modulate behavior, and it can include both emotional and cognitive modulation. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may show difficulties in self-regulation. The main objective of this study is to improve self-regulation skills in children between 6 and 11 years of age with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with the use of “SR-MRehab: Un colegio emocionante”, based on a non-immersive virtual reality system where virtual objects can be managed by children in a natural way using their hands. Children will be recruited from several schools of Granada (Spain) and they will be randomly allocated to two groups. An assessment will be conducted before and after the intervention and 24 weeks after the end of the intervention process. The experimental group will receive the intervention using virtual reality. The control group will receive a standard self-regulation program. Both interventions will be performed once a week for a total of 10 sessions. Changes in self-regulation, as well as the acceptability of technology with the use of SR-MRehab, will be evaluated. The results will be published and will provide evidence regarding the use of this type of intervention in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Trial registration: Registered with code NCT04418921.

A note on a functional equation arising in Galton-Watson branching processes

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Watson Process ◽  
Natural Way

The functional equation ϕ(mu) = h(ϕ(u)) where is a probability generating function with 1 &lt; m = h'(1 –) &lt; ∞ and where F(t) is a non-decreasing right continuous function with F(0 –) = 0, F(0 +) &lt; 1 and F(+ ∞) = 1 arises in a Galton-Watson process in a natural way. We prove here that for any if and only if This unifies several results in the literature on the supercritical Galton-Watson process. We generalize this to an age dependent branching process case as well.

scholarly journals Narrative reflective writing: "It got easier as I went along"

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-400
Author(s):  
Gary Barkhuizen ◽  
Phil Benson
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Reflective Writing ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Way

It has been argued that narrative is a natural way of making sense of experience and that it has a particular value in fostering teachers' reflective thinking. This paper looks at these arguments critically through a study of teachers' responses to narrative writing tasks in coursework. The study focuses on the teachers' perceptions of their enjoyment, anxieties, confidence and understanding in relation to narrative writing before and after the coursework. Findings tentatively indicate that narrative writing did come naturally to most of the teachers but that their responses became more positive as they developed experience in narrative writing within a supportive environment.

scholarly journals Vitrocap efficacy in patients with the vitreous body destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Tat’yana S. Varganova ◽  
Anastasiya G. Veryasova ◽  
Evgeniya D. Erysheva
Keyword(s):  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Frequency Sensor ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Natural Way

The vitreous body destruction (VBD) is one of the most common conditions bringing patients to visit an ophthalmologist. The absence of the effective treatment of VBD today worries both doctors themselves and their patients. Since 2014, “Vitrocap” (Ebiga-VISION, Germany) has been registered in the Russian Federation, its components of which prevent the biochemical and anatomical vitreous body structure changes by a natural way. Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Vitrocap in patients with VBD, as well as to analyze the psychological characteristics of individuals complaining of “floaters”. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients in total, 16 of which (5 men and 11 women aged from 37 to 57 years) comprised the main group of individuals complaining of “floa­ters”. The patients in this group received active treatment using Vitrocap according to the licensed posology. The control group included patients with the vitreous body floaters confirmed by B-scan, but without active complaints. All patients underwent standard echography (A-, B-scan) using the Tomey UD-8000 device with a 15 MHZ frequency sensor before and after treatment. In addition, voluntary anonymous survey was performed in both groups using “Minnesota Multiphase Personality Test” (MMPI). The results of the study showed that after the Vitrocap course patients reported a reduction or absence of “floaters” complaints in 76% of cases, and according to A-scan characteristics (the number and height of echogenicity peaks) there were quantitative and qualitative improvements in 32% and 80% of cases, correspondingly. According to MMPI test results, the patients in the main group had an increased need for the doctor’s emotional involvement in the process of eliminating visual discomfort. In such cases, the very fact of prescribing therapy caused a beneficial effect on the patient’s emotional state. Thus, we have found Vitrocap treatment to improve both subjective and objective status in patients with VBD.

Desiccation tolerance in mosses. I. Development of a method for measuring cell damage

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2388-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Streusand ◽  
H. Ikuma
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Measuring Cell ◽  
Perfect Correlation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Cells

Preliminary studies indicated that samples of moss varied widely in cell damage both before and after desiccation and rehydration. In the present study, various parameters associated with cell damage in mosses were investigated. Determination of the percent cell damage in a particular sample of moss requires that (i) a large number of cells be counted throughout a given leaf and (ii) a large number of leaves and shoots be utilized. The use of large sample size is necessitated by large variance within leaves and among leaves and shoots of the same clump. In the present study a standardized method was developed which involves counting at least 10 cells in six areas of each leaf, six leaves on each shoot, and 10 shoots per treatment. Although the variance within samples is still high, this method was found to be effective for indexing desiccation damage, providing a near perfect correlation with shoot survival (r = 0.98).

scholarly journals Two Permutation Classes related to the Bubble Sort Operator

10.37236/2556 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Barnabei ◽  
Flavio Bonetti ◽  
Matteo Silimbani
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Sorting Algorithm ◽  
Sigma 1 ◽  
Set Of Permutations

We introduce the Dual Bubble Sort operator $\hat{B}$ (a sorting algorithm such that, if $\sigma=\alpha\,1\,\beta$ is a permutation, then $\hat{B}(\sigma)=1\,\alpha\,\hat{B} (\beta)$) and consider the set of permutations sorted by the composition $\hat{B}B$, where $B$ is the classical Bubble Sort operator. We show that this set is a permutation class and we determine the generating function of the descent and fixed point distributions over this class. Afterwards, we characterize the same distributions over the set of permutations that are sorted by both $\hat{B}^2$ and $B^2$.

Acute transient SO2-induced airway hyperreactivity: effects of nedocromil sodium

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jackson ◽  
R. P. Eady
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Nedocromil Sodium ◽  
Bronchial Responsiveness ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cells

The effect of nedocromil sodium given as an aerosol on the immediate lung hyperreactivity and lung inflammation caused by a 2-h exposure to 400 ppm SO2 has been studied in dogs. Exposure to SO2 caused an immediate increase in bronchial responsiveness to histamine aerosol that lasted for approximately 2 h. The total number of cells recovered by bronchial lavage increased postexposure. Initially this increase was caused by epithelial cells (0.25 and 1 h) and later by neutrophils (1, 2, 3, and 4 h). There was no significant change in the numbers of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, goblet cells, or mast cells in the lavages. Nedocromil sodium (approximately 8 mg) given as a nebulized aerosol before and after SO2 exposure prevented the increase in lung reactivity and attenuated the increase in the total number of cells (epithelial cells and neutrophils) in the lung lavages for the 4 h after exposure. Nedocromil sodium did not affect the reactivity of normal dogs to histamine aerosol. Nedocromil sodium appears to act as an anti-inflammatory agent in this model of lung inflammation, preventing an increase in lung reactivity and reducing cell infiltration. The mechanism of action of nedocromil sodium in this model is unknown.

scholarly journals BG-Ranks and 2-Cores

10.37236/1156 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Y. C. Chen ◽  
Kathy Q. Ji ◽  
Herbert S. Wilf
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Number Of Cells

We find the number of partitions of $n$ whose BG-rank is $j$, in terms of $pp(n)$, the number of pairs of partitions whose total number of cells is $n$, giving both bijective and generating function proofs. Next we find congruences mod 5 for $pp(n)$, and then we use these to give a new proof of a refined system of congruences for $p(n)$ that was found by Berkovich and Garvan.

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