The world’s most massive and urgent educational needs today-not simply for schools but for many other kinds of learning opportunities, for children and adults alike - centre in the rural areas of poorer nations. To meet these basic rural learning needs will certainly require, among other things, far more extensive use of low cost mass media and much greater investment in relevant, dynamic and effective educational software. It is tempting, therefore, to hail communication satellites as the ‘great solution’. But unfortunately, for a variety of practical reasons which will be explained in the paper, satellite delivery systems are unlikely to be able over the next 10 to 20 years to contribute more than marginally to meeting these massive and highly diverse rural learning needs. This conclusion is arrived at reluctantly on the basis of recent I.C.E.D. studies of education for rural development commissioned by the World Bank of U.N.I.C.E.F.