Separation Processes to Provide Pure Enantiomers and Plant Ingredients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-502
Author(s):  
Heike Lorenz ◽  
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Enantiomer Separation ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Separation Problems ◽  
Specific Phase

Enantiomer separation and the isolation of natural products from plants pose challenging separation problems resulting from the similarity of molecules and the number of compounds present in synthesis or extract mixtures. Furthermore, limited theory is available to predict productivities for possible alternative separation techniques. The application and performance of chromatography- and crystallization-based processes are demonstrated for various case studies devoted to isolating valuable target compounds from complex initial mixtures. In all cases, the first emphasis is set to determine the process-specific phase equilibria to identify feasible process options. For all examples considered, yields and productivities are evaluated and compared for different scenarios. Guidelines to approach and solve similar separation tasks are given.

Pareto domain: an invaluable source of process information

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Cáceres Sepúlveda ◽  
Silvia Ochoa ◽  
Jules Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Pareto Domain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Process

AbstractDue to the highly competitive market and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, it is paramount to operate chemical processes at their optimal point. In a typical process, there are usually many process variables (decision variables) that need to be selected in order to achieve a set of optimal objectives for which the process will be considered to operate optimally. Because some of the objectives are often contradictory, Multi-objective optimization (MOO) can be used to find a suitable trade-off among all objectives that will satisfy the decision maker. The first step is to circumscribe a well-defined Pareto domain, corresponding to the portion of the solution domain comprised of a large number of non-dominated solutions. The second step is to rank all Pareto-optimal solutions based on some preferences of an expert of the process, this step being performed using visualization tools and/or a ranking algorithm. The last step is to implement the best solution to operate the process optimally. In this paper, after reviewing the main methods to solve MOO problems and to select the best Pareto-optimal solution, four simple MOO problems will be solved to clearly demonstrate the wealth of information on a given process that can be obtained from the MOO instead of a single aggregate objective. The four optimization case studies are the design of a PI controller, an SO2 to SO3 reactor, a distillation column and an acrolein reactor. Results of these optimization case studies show the benefit of generating and using the Pareto domain to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying relationships between the various process variables and performance objectives.

Creating a growth mindset

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ian Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Mindset ◽  
And Performance

Purpose This paper aims to show that everything a business does is fundamentally reliant on its culture. Culture determines how successful a strategy is and whether that strategy can be executed. If the culture in a business is out of alignment, it is imperative to change it. This paper examines how HR professionals can take ownership of this cultural space and help to create a growth mindset throughout the organisation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on experience gained through working with several large organisations to transform their people culture and performance by embracing a growth mindset and to help their HR leadership become the early champions of change, thus ensuring the process was successfully delivered. The paper includes case studies of two organisations where successful cultural shaping delivered improved results. Findings Companies with a growth mindset will outperform those with a fixed mindset. Changing mindsets is not overly complex, but it requires flawless implementation with the HR leaders at the forefront. Originality/value As Lou Gerstner, who turned around the computing giant IBM, said “I finally realised that culture is not part of the game, it is the game”. By understanding how individual mindsets impact culture, HR professionals can own and drive their organisation’s culture-shaping efforts.

scholarly journals Is “transgenerational response” a hidden cause of failed corporate turnarounds and chronic underperformance?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
John Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Ceo Turnover ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
And Performance

Purpose CEO turnover and chronic corporate underperformance are examined through the lens of Transgenerational Response. Design/methodology/approach The criteria for investigating Transgenerational Response in corporations consisted of identifying a Critical Corporate Incident, the number of corporate generations and the resultant corporate financial performance. Findings The evidence presented in the case studies illustrates how a Critical Corporate Incident has produced the consequential effect of chronic financial performance in the years following the incident. Research limitations/implications These case studies have not presented the “actual” adaptive responses, inherited attitudes and behaviours that have subsequently embedded themselves in a new corporate culture, post the Critical Corporate Incident, to the detriment of the long-term health and performance of each firm. Practical implications Examining CEO turnover and chronic corporate underperformance through the lens of Transgenerational Response means that business leaders can identify how a historic event has affected the performance of their firm in subsequent generations. With this knowledge in hand, they will be able to examine the inherited attitudes and behaviours, organizational policies, strategy and adaptive cultural routines that have combined to consolidate the firms chronic under performance. Originality/value This is a highly original, evidence based, idea that has the potential to reshape our current understanding of CEO turnover and underperforming firms. It will help business leaders identify how a historic event has affected the performance of a firm in subsequent generations.

Case studies on collaboration, technology and performance factors in business networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Maia Carneiro ◽  
António Lucas Soares ◽  
Rui Patrício ◽  
Américo Lopes Azevedo ◽  
Jorge Pinho de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Collaboration Technology ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Lean Six Sigma Implementation in Engineering Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRS Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
University Environment ◽  
And Performance

Lean Six Sigma has found wide spread applications in Industry with many benefits. However, its use in academics is limited. In this paper, we propose how Lean Six Sigma can be applied in University environment and many benefits can be observed in cost savings, quality and performance. The application of DMAIC approach of Lean Six Sigma to academics is illustrated with examples and case studies. The processes and practices in Universities and Educational Institutions are identified which can directly benefit from Lean Six Sigma.

Interactive Models for Virtual Enterprises

2011 ◽  
pp. 316-333
Author(s):  
Håvard D. Jorgensen ◽  
John Krogstie
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Virtual Enterprises ◽  
Major Result ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Interactive Models ◽  
And Performance

This chapter presents a novel approach to the development, integration, and operation of virtual enterprises (VEs). The approach is based on the idea of interactive models. An interactive model is a visual model of enterprise aspects that can be viewed, traversed, analyzed, simulated, adapted, and executed by the participants of the VE. The approach has been developed in several research projects, where experiences from industrial case studies are used as a basis for validation and further enhancement. A major result of this work is the model-driven infrastructure that integrates and supports VEs. The main innovative contributions of this infrastructure include concurrent modelling, metamodelling, management and performance of work, integrated support for ad hoc and structured processes, and customizable model- and process-driven integration.

Embracing Organizational Trauma

2017 ◽  
pp. 1526-1542
Author(s):  
Mike Szymanski ◽  
Erik Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Organizational Trauma ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Organizational trauma is traditionally associated with negative effects on organizational behavior and performance. In this chapter the authors seek to answer the question how organizational trauma, and in particular near-death experiences, can positively influence organizational culture in the long term. In doing so, the authors briefly review the recent literature on organizational trauma and near death experiences, and discuss how these negative traumatic experiences can turn into prosocial organizational behaviour. The authors then present three case studies to illustrate how an organization can manage to incorporate near death experiences into its organizational culture in a positive way.

How Hard Can It Be to Communicate? Communication Mode and Performance in Collaborative R&D Projects

2011 ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
William H.A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Communication Modes ◽  
And Performance

Survey data and case studies of collaborative R&D projects are used to analyze the relative usage of communication modes [e.g., face-to-face (F2F), categorized as soft modes, versus written, categorized as hard modes]. Incremental (versus radical) innovation projects tended to use more written communication, as did those in which project managers defined the significant problems. Those with high ambiguity or equivocality did not rely more on F2F, but predictably, conflict and goal changes negatively impacted communication and performance. Despite managers’ insistence that F2F communication is critical, only the use of written communication was associated with project success. Soft communication modes (F2F) may be needed to set direction in projects involving radical innovation, or any other project in which goals are unclear and not well agreed upon. However, when the innovation is incremental, and goals are understood and accepted, the use of hard communication modes (written) is no deterrent to success.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-262
Author(s):  
M.I. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Music And Politics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
Political Economic

The Conclusion draws on the empirical findings of each chapter in order to theorize—reflect on—our way “out” of these case studies. It follows on from the conceptual and methodological themes laid out in Chapter 1, challenges presented to scholarship across the disciplinary spectrum that looks to locate and track where, and how, “politics” (of race, class, gender, and religion) are now being rendered as and through music. Chapter 7 recapitulates the main themes from each chapter as references to audio clips, suggested listening, in order to underscore the findings of this study: how music-and-politics and, or music-as-politics sound within, and between sociocultural and political economic settings. Getting closer to how these practices and sound archives work means taking into account creative practices and performance cultures not only of music making but also of music taking. This final chapter can also function as an introduction for the book as the flipside of Chapter 1.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Agnes Cornell ◽  
Jørgen Møller ◽  
Svend-Erik Skaaning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Party Institutionalization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Civil Societies

Against the backdrop of the economic crisis that began in 2008 and the rise of populist parties, a new body of research has used interwar political developments to warn that even long-established Western democracies are fragile. We challenge this interwar analogy based on the fact that a relatively large number of interwar democracies were able to survive the recurrent crises of the 1920s and 1930s. The main aim of this book is to understand the striking resilience of these democracies, and how they differed from the many democracies that broke down in the same period. Previous theoretical accounts, which can be divided into structuralist, elitist, associational, and performance-based perspectives, do not adequately explain this variation. We advance an explanation that nests an associational perspective in a structuralist perspective. The model centres on democratic legacies and strong associational landscapes (i.e. vibrant civil societies and party institutionalization). These factors are rooted in a set of structural conditions associated with socio-economic development and state- and nation-building processes. Our empirical strategy consists of a combination of systematic comparisons of all interwar democratic spells and in-depth case-studies.

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