Redox Flow Capacitive Deionization in a Mixed Electrode Solvent of Water and Ethanol

Abstract In the redox flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), the solubility of redox electrolyte and flowability of carbon slurry have great influence on the salt removal rate and energy consumption. In this work, a mixed solvent electrolyte is proposed in FCDI, which consists of iodide/triiodide redox couples and carbon slurry in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol (1:1). At the current density of 5 mA cm-2, the salt removal rate can reach up to 2.72 μg cm-2 s-1 in a mixed solvent, which is much higher than 1.74 μg cm-2 s-1 in aqueous solution and 2.37 μg cm-2 s-1 in the ethanol solution. This may be owing to the fast transport of ions during redox reaction in organic solvent and the excellent flowability of carbon slurry in the aqueous condition, which can provide more reaction sites for iodide/triiodide redox reaction and faster electron transportation. This unique FCDI with organic and aqueous mixed solvent electrolyte will provide a new perspective for the development of redox flow electrochemical desalination.

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Toward a Quantitative Approach to the Specialness of Poetry: Taking Chang Hen Ge and Chang Hen Ge Zhuan as a Case Study

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211029944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110299

Author(s):

Cong Zhang ◽

Rui Yuan

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Great Influence ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Linguistic Features ◽

Function Words ◽

New Perspective

The differences of linguistic features between Chang Hen Ge ( Ge) and Chang Hen Ge Zhuan ( Zhuan) have rarely been mentioned in the relevant fields. Nevertheless, these differences can best highlight the specialness of poetry, for the two works were written contemporaneously by two friends on the same subject, in distinct styles. This article employs quantitative methods and indicators to provide empirical evidence for the specialness of Ge through comparisons between the two. The results show that, on the premise of expressing the same subject in different styles, Ge does have certain linguistic characteristics compared with Zhuan. Its particularity is reflected not only in fewer repeat characters and words but also in their richness, as well as in the use of more content words and fewer function words. Moreover, all of these characteristics have had a great influence on Ge’s artistic level and dissemination. Through this study, we hope that our methods provide a new perspective and shed some light on this area.

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Effect of Concentration on Electrospinning Oil Sorptive Fiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1611 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 160-162 ◽

pp. 1611-1616

Author(s):

Yan Ping Liu ◽

Hua Bin Xu ◽

Yi Bing Deng

Keyword(s):

Fiber Diameter ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Electrospun Fiber ◽

Scaling Law ◽

Great Influence ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Sorption Process ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Sorption Ability

Electrospinning is a convenient method used in the preparation of ultrafine oil sorptive fibers based on Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), Electrospun fiber diameter, varying in large from micrometer to nanometer, mainly depends upon the solution concentration, which has great influence on this function fiber’s sorption ability. The non-linear relation between mean fiber diameter (d) and solution concentration (C) was investigated and it follows a simple scaling law in the form . This relationship can be used to predict the target fiber diameter and guide the processing technique. The effects of various C on oil sorption ability were investigated in a batch-sorption technique. A comparison of the kinetic models, showed that the removal rate fit the first order kinetic model well, which suggested the sorption process is rapid, can reach equilibrium within a short time.

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Heteroatom doping modified hierarchical mesoporous carbon derived from ZIF-8 for capacitive deionization with enhanced salt removal rate

Separation and Purification Technology ◽

10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 115918 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tie Gao ◽

Zhenzhen Liu ◽

Haibo Li

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Carbon ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Capacitive Deionization ◽

Heteroatom Doping

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The Effect of Solvent on the Seebeck Coefficient and Thermocell Performance of Cobalt Bipyridyl and Iron Ferri/Ferrocyanide Redox Couples

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch19245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 709 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abuzar Taheri ◽

Douglas R. MacFarlane ◽

Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo ◽

Jennifer M. Pringle

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Seebeck Coefficient ◽

Mixed Solvent ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Redox Couple ◽

Seebeck Coefficients ◽

Effect Of Solvent ◽

Redox Couples ◽

Ligand Interactions ◽

Solvent Systems

The conversion of thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectrochemical cells (thermocells) is a developing approach to harvesting waste heat. The performance of a thermocell is highly dependent on the solvent used in the electrolyte, but the interplay of the various solvent effects is not yet well understood. Here, using the redox couples [Co(bpy)3][BF4]2/3 (bpy=2,2′-bipyridyl) and (Et4N)3/(NH4)4Fe(CN)6, which have been designed to allow dissolution in different solvent systems (aqueous, non-aqueous, and mixed solvent), the effect of solvent on the Seebeck coefficient (Se) and cell performance was studied. The highest Se for a cobalt-based redox couple measured thus far is reported. Different trends in the Seebeck coefficients of the two redox couples as a function of the ratio of organic solvent to water were observed. The cobalt redox couple produced a more positive Se in organic solvent than in water, whereas addition of water to organic solvent resulted in a more negative Se for Fe(CN)6 3−/4−. UV-vis and IR investigations of the redox couples indicate that Se is affected by changes in solvent–ligand interactions in the different solvent systems.

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Effect of Adding Rare Earths into Iron-Carbon Micro Electrolysis Process on Degradation of Dyeing Wastewater

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1021.25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1021 ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ju Chi Kuang

Keyword(s):

Iron Powder ◽

Rare Earths ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Great Influence ◽

Powder Particle Size ◽

Powder Size ◽

Dyeing Wastewater ◽

Related Factors ◽

Electrolysis Process

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

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Detour and break optimising distance, a new perspective on transport and urbanism

Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science ◽

10.1177/0265813516638849 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 441-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alain L'Hostis

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Urban Space ◽

Urban Form ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Railway Stations ◽

Mathematical Properties ◽

Fast Transport ◽

New Perspective ◽

Transport Maps

By studying the mathematical properties of metrics, we identify three fundamental characteristics of distance, which are optimality, detour and break. In this paper, we explore the implications of these properties for transport planning, urbanism and spatial planning. We state that distances contain the idea of optimum and that any distance is associated to a search for optimisation. Pedestrian movements obey this principle and sometimes depart from designed routes. Local sub-optimality conveyed by public transport maps has to be corrected by interventions on public space to relieve the load on central parts of networks. The second principle we state is that detour in distances is most often a means to optimise movement. Fast transport systems generate most of the detour observed in geographical spaces at regional scale. This is why detour has to be taken into account in regional transport policies. The third statement is that breaks in movement contribute to optimising distances. Benches, cafés, pieces of art, railway stations are examples of the urban break. These facilities of break represent an urban paradox: they organise the possibility of a break, of a waste of time in a trip, and they also contribute to optimising distances in a wider network. In that sense, break should be considered as a relevant principle for the design of urban space in order to support a pedestrian-oriented urban form.

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An Approach to the Influence of Flotative Abrasive Balls on Polishing Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.393 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 532-533 ◽

pp. 393-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Dai ◽

Qian Fa Deng ◽

Xun Lv ◽

Ju Long Yuan ◽

Xun Jie Yu

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Grain Size ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Great Influence ◽

Work Piece ◽

Polishing Process ◽

Soft Contact ◽

Ball Diameter ◽

Experiment Device

Polishing with Flotative Abrasive Balls(FABs) is a kind of soft contact polishing means， and the conventional polishing plate and pad are not needed in this case. The pressure of polishing is the flotage which is the upward force that a fluid exerts on the FABs, but the movement of work piece is similar to that in conventional polishing, the removal rate and quality of polishing is influenced by FAB and its flotage. An experiment device is built up and two kinds of FAB are designed and produced. Some primary experiments are carried out in order to investigate the influences of the size of FABs on the removal rate and surface roughness in polishing with FABs. It is found from the experiments that the grain size and the layers of FAB may have great influence on the removal rate of polishing; the surface roughness is mainly decided by the ball diameter and the layers of FAB. The results of experiments are discussed and analyzed, it indicates that the efficiency and quality depend on flotage and the number of active grains when the velocity of workpiece is assigned.

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