redox couples
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Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Petr Mazúr ◽  
Joanna Krakowiak

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an increasingly attractive option for renewable energy storage, thus providing flexibility for the supply of electrical energy. In recent years, research in this type of battery storage has been shifted from metal-ion based electrolytes to soluble organic redox-active compounds. Aqueous-based organic electrolytes are considered as more promising electrolytes to achieve “green”, safe, and low-cost energy storage. Many organic compounds and their derivatives have recently been intensively examined for application to redox flow batteries. This work presents an up-to-date overview of the redox organic compound groups tested for application in aqueous RFB. In the initial part, the most relevant requirements for technical electrolytes are described and discussed. The importance of supporting electrolytes selection, the limits for the aqueous system, and potential synthetic strategies for redox molecules are highlighted. The different organic redox couples described in the literature are grouped in a “family tree” for organic redox couples. This article is designed to be an introduction to the field of organic redox flow batteries and aims to provide an overview of current achievements as well as helping synthetic chemists to understand the basic concepts of the technical requirements for next-generation energy storage materials.


Author(s):  
Lufan Tang ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Jiawei Yan ◽  
Yudi Hu ◽  
Xuncai Chen ◽  
...  

Abstract In the redox flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), the solubility of redox electrolyte and flowability of carbon slurry have great influence on the salt removal rate and energy consumption. In this work, a mixed solvent electrolyte is proposed in FCDI, which consists of iodide/triiodide redox couples and carbon slurry in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol (1:1). At the current density of 5 mA cm-2, the salt removal rate can reach up to 2.72 μg cm-2 s-1 in a mixed solvent, which is much higher than 1.74 μg cm-2 s-1 in aqueous solution and 2.37 μg cm-2 s-1 in the ethanol solution. This may be owing to the fast transport of ions during redox reaction in organic solvent and the excellent flowability of carbon slurry in the aqueous condition, which can provide more reaction sites for iodide/triiodide redox reaction and faster electron transportation. This unique FCDI with organic and aqueous mixed solvent electrolyte will provide a new perspective for the development of redox flow electrochemical desalination.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsy A. Miller-Clark ◽  
Peter E. Christ ◽  
Tong Ren

The variation of the substituents (X = 3,5-(OMe)2; 3-iPrO) on the bridging ligand results in improved solubility of Ru2-aryl compounds, while the aryl substitution significantly influences the potentials of the Ru2-based redox couples.


Author(s):  
Claudio Barrientos ◽  
Raúl Moscoso ◽  
Silvana Moris ◽  
Juan Squella

Abstract In the scope of our studies tending to find new nanostructured electrodic platforms containing nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) capable of generating in situ electrocatalytic redox couples, we synthesized and electrochemically studied three related 4-(pyren-1-yl)-butyl-substituted nitrobenzoates (2-NBPy, 3-NBPy and 4-NBPy). The design of the compounds is based on a combination of a) an adsorptive tail (-butyl-pyrene) capable of interacting via π-π stacking with the MWCNT nanostructured electrodes and b) nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) capable of electrochemically activating to form a RNHOH/NO redox couple trapped on the nanostructured electrodic platform. Morphological and structural analyses of the nanostructured interfaces were performed by SEM and WAXS/SAXS analysis. All of the NBPy compounds trapped on the nanostructured electrodic platform were susceptible to reduction, generating the corresponding hydroxylamine derivative. The order of ease of reduction for the nitrocompounds is 4-NBPy > 2-NBPy > 3-NBPy. After electrochemical activation, all compounds generated an RNHOH/NO redox mediator couple with the following order of stability of the mediator couple: 2-NBPy > 3-NBPy > 4-NBPy. For the 2-NBPy and 3-NBPy derivatives, excellent stability of the couple was observed, and a decrease in the peak current of 6% was observed after 60 minutes.


Author(s):  
Eric Bushnell ◽  
Jesse Elder

Herein an assessment of several Long Range Corrected (LRC) Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods for the calculation of reduction potentials of the ([Ni(X2C2H2)2]n/[Ni(X2C2H2)2]n-1), and ([Ni(X2C2H2)(N2C2H4)]n/[Ni(X2C2H2)(N2C2H4)]n-1) and (where X= S or Se and n = 0, or -1) redox couples was done. From the results the values of ω that provide best agreement with CCSD(T) for the tested LRC DFT methods are 0.05 bohr-1, 0.15 bohr-1, 0.05 bohr-1, and 0.20 bohr-1 for ω-B97XD, LC-BLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and ω-B97, respectively. With these values the unsigned average in error was 0.12 V with a standard deviation of 0.13 V for ω-B97XD. For LC-BLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and ω-B97 the unsigned averages in relative errors were 0.12 V, 0.11 V, and 0.13 V, respectively, with respective standard deviations of 0.11 V, 0.12 V and 0.13 V.


2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-02 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Vladimir Neburchilov ◽  
Ken Tsay ◽  
Khalid Fatih ◽  
Roberto Neagu ◽  
Erik Kjeang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-02 (5) ◽  
pp. 1956-1956
Author(s):  
Maria Al Hajji Safi ◽  
Andrea Bourke ◽  
D. Noel Buckley ◽  
Robert P. Lynch

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Zhidan Fu ◽  
Mengyue Chen ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
Hongxing Dai

Different Cu contents (x wt%) were supported on the cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) (xCu/OMS-2; x = 1, 5, 15, and 20) via a pre-incorporation method. Physicochemical properties of the OMS-2 and xCu/OMS-2 samples were characterized by means of the XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TG/DTG, ICP-OES, XPS, O2-TPD, H2-TPR, and in situ DRIFTS techniques, and their catalytic activities were measured for the oxidation of CO, ethyl acetate, and toluene. The results show that the Cu species were homogeneously dispersed in the tunnel and framework structure of OMS-2. Among all of the samples, 15Cu/OMS-2 sample exhibited the best activities with the T50% of 65, 165, and 240 °C as well as the T90% of 85, 215, and 290 °C for CO, ethyl acetate and toluene oxidation, respectively, which was due to the existence of the Cu species and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples, rich oxygen vacancies, good oxygen mobility, low-temperature reducibility, and strong interaction between the Cu species and the OMS-2 support. The reaction mechanisms were also deduced by analyzing the in situ DRIFTS spectra of the 15Cu/OMS-2 sample. The excellent oxygen mobility associated with the electron transfer between Cu species and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples might be conducive to the continuous replenishment of active oxygen species and the constantly generated reactant intermediates, thereby increasing the reactant reaction rate.


2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-01 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
Harsh Agarwal ◽  
Jacob Florian ◽  
Bryan R. Goldsmith ◽  
Nirala Singh

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