Signal Switch and Signal Amplification for Electrochemical Biosensing

This account reviews the major amplification strategies utilizing nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing for robust and sensitive molecular diagnostics.

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DNA/RNA Electrochemical Biosensing Devices a Future Replacement of PCR Methods for a Fast Epidemic Containment

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20164648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (16) ◽

pp. 4648 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manikandan Santhanam ◽

Itay Algov ◽

Lital Alfonta

Keyword(s):

Signal Amplification ◽

Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Testing Method ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Electrochemical Biosensing ◽

Low Copy Number ◽

Rna Sensors ◽

Electrochemical Signal ◽

Sensitive Testing

Pandemics require a fast and immediate response to contain potential infectious carriers. In the recent 2020 Covid-19 worldwide pandemic, authorities all around the world have failed to identify potential carriers and contain it on time. Hence, a rapid and very sensitive testing method is required. Current diagnostic tools, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR), have its pitfalls for quick pandemic containment such as the requirement for specialized professionals and instrumentation. Versatile electrochemical DNA/RNA sensors are a promising technological alternative for PCR based diagnosis. In an electrochemical DNA sensor, a nucleic acid hybridization event is converted into a quantifiable electrochemical signal. A critical challenge of electrochemical DNA sensors is sensitive detection of a low copy number of DNA/RNA in samples such as is the case for early onset of a disease. Signal amplification approaches are an important tool to overcome this sensitivity issue. In this review, the authors discuss the most recent signal amplification strategies employed in the electrochemical DNA/RNA diagnosis of pathogens.

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Nanobioconjugates for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Biosensing

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3542

Author(s):

Sebastian Cajigas ◽

Jahir Orozco

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Critical Review ◽

Signal Amplification ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Detection Limits ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Electrochemical Biosensing ◽

Signal Response

Nanobioconjugates are hybrid materials that result from the coalescence of biomolecules and nanomaterials. They have emerged as a strategy to amplify the signal response in the biosensor field with the potential to enhance the sensitivity and detection limits of analytical assays. This critical review collects a myriad of strategies for the development of nanobioconjugates based on the conjugation of proteins, antibodies, carbohydrates, and DNA/RNA with noble metals, quantum dots, carbon- and magnetic-based nanomaterials, polymers, and complexes. It first discusses nanobioconjugates assembly and characterization to focus on the strategies to amplify a biorecognition event in biosensing, including molecular-, enzymatic-, and electroactive complex-based approaches. It provides some examples, current challenges, and future perspectives of nanobioconjugates for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing.

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