scholarly journals DNA/RNA Electrochemical Biosensing Devices a Future Replacement of PCR Methods for a Fast Epidemic Containment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manikandan Santhanam ◽  
Itay Algov ◽  
Lital Alfonta
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Rna Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Signal ◽  
Sensitive Testing

Pandemics require a fast and immediate response to contain potential infectious carriers. In the recent 2020 Covid-19 worldwide pandemic, authorities all around the world have failed to identify potential carriers and contain it on time. Hence, a rapid and very sensitive testing method is required. Current diagnostic tools, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR), have its pitfalls for quick pandemic containment such as the requirement for specialized professionals and instrumentation. Versatile electrochemical DNA/RNA sensors are a promising technological alternative for PCR based diagnosis. In an electrochemical DNA sensor, a nucleic acid hybridization event is converted into a quantifiable electrochemical signal. A critical challenge of electrochemical DNA sensors is sensitive detection of a low copy number of DNA/RNA in samples such as is the case for early onset of a disease. Signal amplification approaches are an important tool to overcome this sensitivity issue. In this review, the authors discuss the most recent signal amplification strategies employed in the electrochemical DNA/RNA diagnosis of pathogens.

scholarly journals Metal Nanoparticle and Quantum Dot Tags for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Immunosensors for Biomarker Detection

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Anton Popov ◽  
Benediktas Brasiunas ◽  
Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene ◽  
Almira Ramanaviciene
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Electrochemical Signal ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

With the increasing importance of healthcare and clinical diagnosis, as well as the growing demand for highly sensitive analytical instruments, immunosensors have received considerable attention. In this review, electrochemical immunosensor signal amplification strategies using metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (Qdots) as tags are overviewed, focusing on recent developments in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. MNPs and Qdots can be used separately or in combination with other nanostructures, while performing the function of nanocarriers, electroactive labels, or catalysts. Thus, different functions of MNPs and Qdots as well as recent advances in electrochemical signal amplification are discussed. Additionally, the methods most often used for antibody immobilization on nanoparticles, immunoassay formats, and electrochemical methods for indirect biomarker detection are overviewed.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials for molecular signal amplification in electrochemical nucleic acid biosensing: recent advances and future prospects for point-of-care diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léonard Bezinge ◽  
Akkapol Suea-Ngam ◽  
Andrew J. deMello ◽  
Chih-Jen Shih
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Signal

This account reviews the major amplification strategies utilizing nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing for robust and sensitive molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals In Vivo Two-Way Redox Cycling System for Independent Duplexed Electrochemical Signal Amplification

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 4939-4942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yang-Yang Yu ◽  
Yu-Tong Shi ◽  
Jamile Mohammadi Moradian ◽  
Yang-Chun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
Electrochemical Signal ◽  
Cycling System

scholarly journals Nanobioconjugates for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Biosensing

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3542
Author(s):  
Sebastian Cajigas ◽  
Jahir Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Signal Response

Nanobioconjugates are hybrid materials that result from the coalescence of biomolecules and nanomaterials. They have emerged as a strategy to amplify the signal response in the biosensor field with the potential to enhance the sensitivity and detection limits of analytical assays. This critical review collects a myriad of strategies for the development of nanobioconjugates based on the conjugation of proteins, antibodies, carbohydrates, and DNA/RNA with noble metals, quantum dots, carbon- and magnetic-based nanomaterials, polymers, and complexes. It first discusses nanobioconjugates assembly and characterization to focus on the strategies to amplify a biorecognition event in biosensing, including molecular-, enzymatic-, and electroactive complex-based approaches. It provides some examples, current challenges, and future perspectives of nanobioconjugates for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Assay Development for Poliovirus Eradication

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gerloff ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Mark Mandelbaum ◽  
Chelsea Maher ◽  
W. Allan Nix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Crucial Part

ABSTRACTWith poliovirus eradication nearing, few pockets of active wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission remain in the world. Intratypic differentiation (ITD) plays a crucial part in laboratory surveillance as the molecular detection method that can identify and distinguish wild and vaccine-like polioviruses isolated from acute flaccid paralysis cases or environmental sources. The need to detect new variants of WPV serotype 1 (WPV1) and the containment of all serotype 2 polioviruses (PV2) in 2015 required changes to the previous version of the method. The ITD version 5.0 is a set of six real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays that serve as accurate diagnostic tools to easily detect and differentiate PV serotypes and genotypes. We describe the creation and properties of quantitation standards, including 16 control RNA transcripts and nine plaque-isolated viruses. All ITD rRT-PCR assays were validated using these standards, and the limits of detection were determined for each assay. We designed and pilot tested two new assays targeting recently circulating WPV1 genotypes and all PV2 viruses. The WPV1 assay had 99.1% specificity and 100% sensitivity, and the PV2 assay had 97.7% specificity and 92% sensitivity. Before proceeding to the next step in the global poliovirus eradication program, we needed to gain a better understanding of the performance of the ITD 5.0 suite of molecular assays and their limits of detection and specificities. The findings and conclusions in this evaluation serve as building blocks for future development work.

scholarly journals Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) in Adults: Comparison of Immunologic and Molecular Detection Methods and Relationship between HAV Positivity and Infectivity in Tamarins

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3615-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Polish ◽  
Betty H. Robertson ◽  
Bhawna Khanna ◽  
Krzysztof Krawczynski ◽  
John Spelbring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ethidium Bromide Staining

Fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in 18 patients with HAV infection was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect viral antigen and by reverse transcription-PCR amplification followed by ethidium bromide staining (PCR-ETBr) or nucleic acid hybridization (PCR-NA) to detect viral genetic material. A gradation of sensitivity was observed in the detection of virus by the three methods. In persons who had detectable virus, serial stool samples were found to be positive by EIA for up to 24 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. Viral genetic material could be detected by PCR-ETBr for up to 34 days and by PCR-NA for up to 54 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. After intravenous inoculation of tamarins with stool suspensions categorized as highly reactive for HAV (positive by EIA, PCR-ETBr, and PCR-NA), moderately reactive (positive by PCR-ETBr and PCR-NA), or weakly reactive (positive by PCR-NA), only tamarins infected with highly reactive stool suspensions (EIA positive) developed HAV infection. We conclude that positivity of stool specimens for HAV by PCR-ETBr or PCR-NA indicates a lower potential for infectivity, compared to that of EIA-positive stools.

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