scholarly journals Protein composition and function of red and white skeletal muscle mitochondria

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. C1280-C1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Glancy ◽  
Robert S. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Palmitoyl Carnitine ◽  
Protein Contamination ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
And Function

Red and white muscles are faced with very different energetic demands. However, it is unclear whether relative mitochondrial protein expression is different between muscle types. Mitochondria from red and white porcine skeletal muscle were isolated with a Percoll gradient. Differences in protein composition were determined using blue native (BN)-PAGE, two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE), optical spectroscopy, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Complex IV and V activities were compared using BN-PAGE in-gel activity assays, and maximal mitochondrial respiration rates were assessed using pyruvate (P) + malate (M), glutamate (G) + M, and palmitoyl-carnitine (PC) + M. Without the Percoll step, major cytosolic protein contamination was noted for white mitochondria. Upon removal of contamination, very few protein differences were observed between red and white mitochondria. BN-PAGE showed no differences in the subunit composition of Complexes I–V or the activities of Complexes IV and V. iTRAQ analysis detected 358 mitochondrial proteins, 69 statistically different. Physiological significance may be lower: at a 25% difference, 48 proteins were detected; at 50%, 14 proteins were detected; and 3 proteins were detected at a 100%. Thus any changes could be argued to be physiologically modest. One area of difference was fat metabolism where four β-oxidation enzymes were ∼25% higher in red mitochondria. This was correlated with a 40% higher rate of PC+M oxidation in red mitochondria compared with white mitochondria with no differences in P+M and G+M oxidation. These data suggest that metabolic demand differences between red and white muscle fibers are primarily matched by the number of mitochondria and not by significant alterations in the mitochondria themselves.

scholarly journals Insights on bio-degumming of kenaf bast based on metagenomic and proteomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwen Duan ◽  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Xiangyuan Feng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
Ferredoxin I ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Abstract Background: Microbes play important roles in kanef-degumming. This study aims at identifying the key candidate microbes and proteins responsible for the degumming of kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus). Kenaf bast was cut into pieces and immersed into microbia fermentation liquid collected from different sites. Fermentation liquid samples were collected at 0, 40, 110 and 150 h and then subjected to the 16S/18S rRNA sequencing analysis and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversity and the differentially expressed proteins/peptides (DEPs) were identified.Results: With the prolonged degumming time, the weight loss rate increased, the bacterial diversity was decreased. [Weeksellaceae], Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were rapidly increased at 0~40 h, and then decreased and were gradually replaced by Bacteroidaceae from 40 h to 150 h. Similarly, Chryseobacterium and Dysgonomonas were gradually increased at 0~110 h and then decreased; Acinetobacter and Lactococcus were increased at 0~40 h, followed by decrease. Bacteroides was the dominant genus at 150 h. Sequencing 18S rRNA-seq showed the gradually decreased Wallemia hederae and increased Codosiga hollandica during degumming. iTRAQ data analysis showed Rds1, and pyruvate kinase I was decreased and increased in the kanef-degumming, respectively. Other DEPs of ferredoxin I, superoxide dismutase and aconitatehydratase were identified to be related to the Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (ko00630).Conclusions: Bacteria including Chryseobacterium, Dysgonomonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus and Bacteroidesand fungi like Wallemia hederae and Codosiga hollandica are key candidate microbes for kanef degumming.

207 Satellite Cells Participate in the wnt/ca2+ Pathway Controlled Porcine Myofiber Determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Mao Ye ◽  
Zhiwen Song ◽  
Chenglong Jin ◽  
Chunqi Gao ◽  
Huichao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Slow Fiber ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
Deficiency Group

Abstract The type of myofiber is important for porcine meat quality. Meanwhile, the nt/Ca2+ pathway has been showed multiple roles in skeletal muscle formation; however, the distinct mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the weaned piglets and satellite cells were designed into the control group, lysine deficiency group and lysine rescue group to investigate the function of Wnt/Ca2+ pathway in governing skeletal muscle typing. After we confirm the growth of weaned piglets was controlled by lysine, the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis of skeletal muscle detected that Wnt/Ca2+ pathway was involved in the transition of fast and slow fiber. Then, we found the ratio of type I myofiber in Semimembranous (fast muscle) was significantly increased after lysine deficiency (P < 0.05), and decreased by lysine rescue (P < 0.05). In contrast, the ratio of type I myofiber in Semitendinous muscle (slow muscle) was significantly decreased in the lysine deficiency group, and increased in the lysine rescue group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway was significantly increased in Semimembranous muscle, while decreased in Semitendinous muscle with lysine deficiency, and this phenomenon was inversed after lysine rescue (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway was stronger in satellite cells isolated from Semitendinous muscle (StSCs) than that of Semimembranous satellite cell (SmSCs) (P < 0.05). And we also found the StSCs enter in differentiation is more easily than SmSCs (P < 0.05). Besides, the ratio of type I myofiber originated from StSCs showed greater than StSCs (P < 0.05). In summary, we conclude that satellite cells participate in the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway controlled porcine myofiber determination.

scholarly journals Post-transcriptional control of mitochondrial protein composition in changing environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2565-2578
Author(s):  
Tatsuhisa Tsuboi ◽  
Jordan Leff ◽  
Brian M. Zid
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

In fluctuating environmental conditions, organisms must modulate their bioenergetic production in order to maintain cellular homeostasis for optimal fitness. Mitochondria are hubs for metabolite and energy generation. Mitochondria are also highly dynamic in their function: modulating their composition, size, density, and the network-like architecture in relation to the metabolic demands of the cell. Here, we review the recent research on the post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial composition focusing on mRNA localization, mRNA translation, protein import, and the role that dynamic mitochondrial structure may have on these gene expression processes. As mitochondrial structure and function has been shown to be very important for age-related processes, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration, understanding how mitochondrial composition can be affected in fluctuating conditions can lead to new therapeutic directions to pursue.

Effect of thyroid state and cold exposure on rat liver mitochondrial protein mass and function

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iossa ◽  
G. Liverini ◽  
A. Barletta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thyroid State ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Palmitoyl Carnitine ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The effects of thyroid state on liver mitochondrial protein mass was investigated in rats at 24 and 4 °C, as was oxidative phosphorylation using substrates which represent the final catabolic products of the metabolic fuels. In rats at 24 °C, a significant increase in mitochondrial protein mass (about +40%) was observed only in hyperthyroid animals, while a significant increase due to cold exposure was found in hypothyroid (+ 45%) and euthyroid (+ 35%) rats. In rats at 24 °C, hypothyroidism significantly decreased the oxidation of glutamate and palmitoyl carnitine but not of pyruvate, while hyperthyroidism only increased the oxidation of palmitoyl carnitine. On the other hand, exposure to cold significantly increased the oxidation of glutamate and pyruvate only in the presence of tri-iodothyronine. Our results underline not only the fact that a simple and single hypothesis for thyroid effects cannot be adopted, but also that any study concerning oxidative metabolism should be carried out using different substrates and involving different pathways of oxidation. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 131, 67–73

scholarly journals Insights on bio-degumming of kenaf bast based on metagenomi and proteomics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwen Duan ◽  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Xiangyuan Feng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
Ferredoxin I ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Abstract Background: Microbia play important roles in kanef-degumming. This study is to identify the key candidate microbia and proteins responsible for the degumming of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) bast. Kenaf bast was cut into species and immersed into microbial fermentation liquid collected from different sites. Fermentation liquid samples were collected at 0, 40, 110 and 150 h and the subjected to the 16S/18S rRNA sequencing analysis and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversity and the differentially expressed proteins/peptides (DEPs) were identified. Results: With the prolonged degumming time, the weight loss rate increased, the bacterial diversity was decreased. [Weeksellaceae], Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were rapidly increased at 0~40 h, and then decreased and were gradually replaced by Bacteroidaceae from 40 h to 150 h. Similarly, Chryseobacterium and Dysgonomonas were gradually increased at 0~110 h and then decreased; Acinetobacter and Lactococcus were increased at 0~40 h, followed by decrease. Bacteroides was the dominant genus at 150 h. 18S rRNA-seq showed the gradually decreased Wallemiaichthyophaga and increased Sclerotiniahomoeocarpa LT30 during degumming. iTRAQ data analysis showed Rds1, and pyruvate kinase I was decreased and increased in the kanef-degumming. Other DEPs of ferredoxin I, superoxide dismutase and aconitatehydratase were identified to be related to the Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (ko00630). Conclusions: Bacteria including Chryseobacterium, Dysgonomonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus and Bacteroidesand fungi like Wallemia ichthyophaga are key candidate microbia for kanef degumming.

scholarly journals Cardiac proteomics reveals the potential mechanism of microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfei Li ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Yuesheng Huang ◽  
Jiongyu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Isobaric Tag

Abstract Background Our previous work suggested that microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation led to mitochondrial dysfunction in MAP4 phosphorylation mutant mice with cardiomyopathy, but the detailed mechanism was still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism involved in mitochondrial dysfunction responsible for cardiomyopathy. Methods The present study was conducted to explore the potential mechanism underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction driven by MAP4 phosphorylation. Strain of mouse that mimicked constant MAP4 phosphorylation (S737 and S760) was generated. The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis was applied to the heart tissue. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were all analyzed on the basis of differential expressed proteins (DEPs). Results Among the 72 cardiac DEPs detected between the two genotypes of mice, 12 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated. GO analysis showed the biological process, molecular function, and cellular component of DEPs, and KEGG enrichment analysis linked DEPs to 96 different biochemical pathways. In addition, the PPI network was also extended on the basis of DEPs as the seed proteins. Three proteins, including mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NF-κB 1, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial and growth arrest, and DNA-damage-inducible proteins-interacting protein 1, which play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial function, may correlate with MAP4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blot was used to validate the expression of the three proteins, which was consistent with iTRAQ experiments. Conclusions These findings revealed that the DEPs caused by MAP4 phosphorylation in heart tissue using iTRAQ technique and may provide clues to uncover the potential mechanism of MAP4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals PGC1α protects against cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Chatterjee ◽  
Joshua Huot ◽  
Fabrizio Pin ◽  
Andrea Bonetto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting ◽  
And Function

Background and Hypothesis: We and others have shown that chemotherapy promotes skeletal muscle wasting and weakness (i.e., cachexia) by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and causing oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and is involved in reducing oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. Hence, in the present study we investigated whether overexpression of skeletal muscle PGC1α (mPGC1α) was sufficient to preserve skeletal muscle mass and function in young and old mice treated with cisplatin. Experimental Design or Project Methods: Young (2-month; n = 5) and old (18-month; n = 5-8) male wild type (WT) or mPGC1α transgenic mice were treated with cisplatin (2.5mg/kg), while age-matched WT mice received vehicle for 2 weeks. Animals were assessed for muscle force and motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Skeletal muscles were weighed and processed for molecular analyses, including assessment of mitochondrial protein content. Results: Young WT mice exposed to cisplatin showed evidence of cachexia, as indicated by reduced gastrocnemius size (-16%), plantarflexion force (-8%) and MUNE (-56%), whereas mPGC1α mice were only partially protected. Interestingly, despite exacerbated cachexia in aged WT mice treated with chemotherapy, as demonstrated by markedly decreased gastrocnemius size (-22%), plantarflexion force (-18%) and MUNE (-80%) compared to untreated WT, muscle mass, strength and innervation were fully preserved in age-matched mPGC1α mice. Follow-up molecular analyses revealed that WT animals exposed to chemotherapy present loss of muscle mitochondrial proteins PGC1α, OPA1 and CytochromeC, whereas their levels in mPGC1α mice were robustly increased. Conclusion and Potential Impact: Altogether, our data suggest that PGC1α plays a pivotal role in preserving skeletal muscle mass and function, usually impaired by anticancer treatments. These findings enforce developing mitochondria-targeting therapeutics to combat the negative consequences that chemotherapy has on skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Insights on bio-degumming of kenaf bast based on metagenomi and proteomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwen Duan ◽  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Xiangyuan Feng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
Ferredoxin I ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Abstract Background: Microbial play important roles in kanef-degumming. This study aims at identifying the key candidate microbial and proteins responsible for the degumming of kenaf bast ( Hibiscus cannabinus ). Kenaf bast was cut into pieces and immersed into microbial fermentation liquid collected from different sites. Fermentation liquid samples were collected at 0, 40, 110 and 150 h and then subjected to the 16S/18S rRNA sequencing analysis and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversity and the differentially expressed proteins/peptides (DEPs) were identified. Results: With the prolonged degumming time, the weight loss rate increased, the bacterial diversity was decreased. [Weeksellaceae], Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were rapidly increased at 0~40 h, and then decreased and were gradually replaced by Bacteroidaceae from 40 h to 150 h. Similarly, Chryseobacterium and Dysgonomonas were gradually increased at 0~110 h and then decreased; Acinetobacter and Lactococcus were increased at 0~40 h, followed by decrease. Bacteroides was the dominant genus at 150 h. 18S rRNA-seq showed the gradually decreased Wallemia_hederae and increased Codosiga_hollandica during degumming. iTRAQ data analysis showed Rds1, and pyruvate kinase I was decreased and increased in the kanef-degumming, respectively. Other DEPs of ferredoxin I, superoxide dismutase and aconitatehydratase were identified to be related to the Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (ko00630). Conclusions : Bacteria including Chryseobacterium , Dysgonomonas , Acinetobacter , Lactococcus and Bacteroides and fungi like Wallemia_hederae and Codosiga_hollandica are key candidate microbial for kanef degumming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document