scholarly journals Subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid uptake measured using positron emission tomography and adipose biopsies in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E194-E199
Author(s):  
Yanli Cao ◽  
Nicola Gathaiya ◽  
Qiaojun Han ◽  
Bradley J. Kemp ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Palmitate Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipose tissue. We studied 29 volunteers to test whether abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using [1-11C]palmitate PET agrees with FFA storage rates measured using an intravenous bolus of [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsies. The dynamic left ventricular cavity PET images combined with blood sample radioactivity corrected for the 11CO2 content were used to create the blood time activity curve (TAC), and the constant ( Ki) was determined using Patlak analysis of the TACs generated for regions of interest in abdominal subcutaneous fat. These data were used to calculate palmitate uptake rates in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (µmol·kg−1·min−1). Immediately after the dynamic imaging, a static image of the thigh was taken to measure the standardized uptake value (SUV) in thigh adipose tissue, which was scaled to each participant’s abdominal adipose tissue SUV to calculate thigh adipose palmitate uptake rates. Abdominal adipose palmitate uptake using PET [1-11C]palmitate was correlated with, but significantly ( P < 0.001) greater than, FFA storage measured using [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsy. Thigh adipose palmitate measured using PET calculation was positively correlated ( R2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with and not different from the biopsy approach. The relative differences between PET measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate uptake and biopsy-measured palmitate storage were positively correlated ( P = 0.03) with abdominal subcutaneous fat. We conclude that abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using PET does not equate to adipose FFA storage measured using biopsy techniques.

Effects of a physiological GH pulse on interstitial glycerol in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E848-E854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Lene Simonsen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
Jens Sandahl Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Physiologically, growth hormone (GH) is secreted in pulses with episodic bursts shortly after the onset of sleep and postprandially. Such pulses increase circulating levels of free fatty acid and glycerol. We tested whether small GH pulses have detectable effects on intercellular glycerol concentrations in adipose tissue, and whether there would be regional differences between femoral and abdominal subcutaneous fat, by employing microdialysis for 6 h after administration of GH (200 μg) or saline intravenously. Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured by the local Xenon washout method. Baseline of interstitial glycerol was higher in adipose tissue than in blood [220 ± 12 (abdominal) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005; 149 ± 9 (femoral) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005] and higher in abdominal adipose tissue compared with femoral adipose tissue ( P < 0.0005). Administration of GH induced an increase in interstitial glycerol in both abdominal and femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: abdominal, P = 0.04; femoral, P = 0.03). There was no overall difference in the response to GH in the two regions during the study period as a whole (ANOVA: P = 0.5), but during peak stimulation of lipolysis abdominal adipose tissue was, in absolute but not in relative terms, stimulated more markedly than femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: P = 0.03 from 45 to 225 min). Peak interstitial glycerol values of 253 ± 37 and 336 ± 74 μmol/l were seen after 135 and 165 min in femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, respectively. ATBF was not statistically different in the two situations (ANOVA: P = 0.7). In conclusion, we have shown that a physiological pulse of GH increases interstitial glycerol concentrations in both femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, indicating activated lipolysis. The peak glycerol increments after GH were higher in abdominal adipose tissue, perhaps due to a higher basal rate of lipolysis in this region.

scholarly journals Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Matteo Saoncella ◽  
Carlo Bertaggia ◽  
Marco Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Protocol

Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Results: SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

Subcutaneous Fat (or Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue)

2012 ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Lynch ◽  
David G. Harrison ◽  
Hanjoong Jo ◽  
Charles Searles ◽  
Philippe Connes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shali Mazaki-Tovi ◽  
Adi L. Tarca ◽  
Edi Vaisbuch ◽  
Juan Pedro Kusanovic ◽  
Nandor Gabor Than ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Exon Usage ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
First Time

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women.Study design:The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (Conclusion:We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.

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