Functional vagal input to chemically identified neurons in pancreatic ganglia as revealed by Fos expression

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E958-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiulin Wang ◽  
Huiyuan Zheng ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Excitatory Synaptic Input ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The importance of neural elements in the control of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretory functions and their coordination with gastrointestinal, hepatic, and general homeostatic functions is increasingly recognized. To better characterize the vagal efferent input to the pancreas, the capacity of electrical vagal stimulation to induce expression of c-Fos in neurochemically identified neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia was investigated. At optimal stimulation parameters, unilateral stimulation of either the left or right cervical vagus induced Fos expression in ∼30% of neurons in the head and 10–20% of neurons in the body and tail of the pancreas. There was no Fos expression if no stimulation or stimulation with a distally cut vagus was applied. Large proportions of neurons contained nitric oxide synthase as assessed with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry (88%) and choline acetyltransferase. The proportion of nitrergic and nonnitrergic neurons receiving vagal input was not different. It is concluded that a significant proportion of pancreatic neurons receives excitatory synaptic input from vagal preganglionic axons and that many of these vagal postganglionic neurons can produce nitric oxide and acetylcholine.

scholarly journals Detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in somatostatin-producing cells of human and murine stomach and pancreas.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Burrell ◽  
L M Montuenga ◽  
M García ◽  
A C Villaro
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
D Cells ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The aim of this study was to identify by immunocytochemistry the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human and murine gastric epithelium. Using two different antisera specific for neuronal NOS (nNOS), we detected nNOS immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the epithelium of the body and pyloric regions as well as in ganglion cells of the intrinsic plexi of the stomach of the three species studied. Both immunocytochemistry of contiguous sections and double immunolabeling methods showed that the nNOS-immunoreactive cells were also immunoreactive for somatostatin. Co-localization of nNOS and somatostatin has also been found in the pancreatic islets, where strong nNOS immunoreactivity appeared in scattered cells, which were peripheral in rat and mouse islets and more randomly distributed in human. The possibility of crossreactivity between the antisera against nNOS and somatostatin was ruled out by means of absorption controls. Immunocytochemical techniques were also applied to thin sections, confirming the immunostaining of gastric D-cells, which was restricted principally to the secretory granules. The possible functional implications of these findings for gastric and pancreatic physiology are discussed.

Suppression of Stress-induced nNOS Expression in the Rat Hypothalamus by Biting

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hori ◽  
M.-C. Lee ◽  
K. Sasaguri ◽  
H. Ishii ◽  
M. Kamei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nnos Expression

Nitric oxide (•NO) modulates the activity of the endocrine system in the behavioral response to stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of restraining the body of an animal on expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and the inhibitory effect of para-masticatory activity on restraint-induced nNOS expression. We observed an increase in nNOS mRNA expression and nNOS-positive neurons in the rat hypothalamus after 30 or 60 min of restraint. Biting on a wooden stick during bodily restraint decreased nNOS mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. In addition, the number of nNOS-positive neurons was significantly reduced in the PVN of the hypothalamus. These observations clearly suggest a possible anti-stress effect of the masticatory activity of biting, and this mechanism might be unconsciously in operation during exposure to psychological stressors.

Analysis of Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes in Cluster Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sjöstrand ◽  
H Modin ◽  
T Masterman ◽  
K Ekbom ◽  
E Waldenlind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Pentanucleotide Repeat

The aetiology of cluster headache is still not yet completely understood, but the potential relevance of genetic factors has been recognized during recent years. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in the regulation of vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation and many other events throughout the body. NO also appears to be an important mediator of vascular headache pathophysiology. In this study we have performed an association analysis of five polymorphic micro-satellite markers in the three different NO synthase (NOS) genes; nNOS (NOS1), iNOS (NOS2A) and eNOS (NOS3). Ninety-one cluster headache patients diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria and 111 matched controls were studied. Phenotype and allele frequencies were similarly distributed in patients and controls except for an iNOS (NOS2A) pentanucleotide repeat allele which was significantly more common in controls. We observed a higher phenotype frequency of this allele in our control group compared with rates in control groups of other studies, whereas the frequency in our patients was similar to that in controls from previous reports. Thus, we conclude that it is unlikely that genetic variations within the NOS genes contribute greatly to cluster headache susceptibility.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of a Multistrain Synbiotic Prodefen® Plus on the Systemic and Vascular Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: The Role of the Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Protein Kinase A

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Llévenes ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues-Díez ◽  
Laia Cros-Brunsó ◽  
Mᵃ Isabel Prieto ◽  
Laura Casaní ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Kinase A

A high fat diet (HFD) intake is crucial for the development and progression of metabolic syndrome (MtS). Increasing evidence links gut dysbiosis with the metabolic and vascular alterations associated with MtS. Here we studied the use of a combination of various probiotic strains together with a prebiotic (synbiotic) in a commercially available Prodefen® Plus. MtS was induced by HFD (45%) in male Wistar rats. Half of the MtS animals received Prodefen® Plus for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, we observed an increase in body weight, together with the presence of insulin resistance, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in MtS rats. Prodefen® Plus supplementation did not affect the body weight gain but ameliorated all the MtS-related symptoms. Moreover, the hypertension induced by HFD is caused by a diminished both nitric oxide (NO) functional role and release probably due to a diminished neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation by protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Prodefen® Plus supplementation for 4 weeks recovered the NO function and release and the systolic blood pressure was returned to normotensive values as a result. Overall, supplementation with Prodefen® Plus could be considered an interesting non-pharmacological approach in MtS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document