Nontraditional aspects of aldosterone physiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. E1122-E1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chardpraorn Ngarmukos ◽  
Roger J. Grekin
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Tissue Production ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

Aldosterone is the most important circulating mineralocorticoid. It is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland and plays a major role in sodium and potassium metabolism by binding to epithelial mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the renal collecting duct, promoting sodium resorption and potassium excretion. The action of aldosterone on its classic target epithelia has been extensively studied, and many of the signaling events that mediate its effects have been described. Recently, there has been increased interest in aldosterone actions on the cardiovascular system, which are mediated through nonclassical actions. These include local tissue production, nongenomic actions, and effects on nonepithelial targets. In this review article, we focus on the effects of aldosterone in nonepithelial tissues that are mediated through MR, especially cardiovascular effects.

Effects of dietary sodium and potassium on mineral balance in captive meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Na+ and K+ balance of captive meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were studied at dietary levels of 100 and 1000 ppm Na+ and 6000, 18 000, and 36 000 ppm K+. Na+ loss and Na+ balance were not significantly affected by high dietary K+ content; this result does not support the hypothesis that K+ loading is a major cause of the apparent Na+ imbalances shown by some herbivores during spring and early summer. Voles maintained or approached Na+ balance on the low Na+ diets. The relative size of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland was not increased on the low Na+ diet. In contrast, high dietary K+ had a significant effect on zona glomerulosa size; this pattern and other data suggest that excreting K+ under conditions of high dietary K+ may represent a much greater physiological challenge to meadow voles than conserving Na+ on low Na+ diets. There was no indication that bone Na+ played an important role in Na+ balance in this species. Levels of Na+ and K+ in hair varied significantly with respective dietary levels.

Extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on electrolyte metabolism in nephrectomized and nephrectomized-eviscerated rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Tompkins ◽  
Edward Eckman ◽  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

A study was made of the extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on sodium and potassium metabolism in the rat. There was a reduction in the plasma potassium concentration 24 hours after the administration of desoxycorticosterone, 2 mg/rat, in the adrenalectomized-nephrectomized rat. Treatment with hydrocortisone, 5 mg rat, resulted in the opposite effect. Corticosterone and 2-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisone were without effect. In another series of experiments, adrenalectomy resulted in an elevation in the plasma potassium concentration in nephrectomized-eviscerated rats. This change could be detected as early as two hours after operation. The intravenous administration of large doses of desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone were without effect. It is suggested that there is a movement of potassium into the extracellular fluid in the absence of the secretions of the adrenal gland.

scholarly journals Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Foods Associated with Sodium and Potassium Intake in Japanese Youths Using the Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okuda ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Diet History Questionnaire ◽  
Diet History ◽  
8Th Graders ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The identification of sodium and potassium intake in youths is an important step to preventing the increase of blood pressure in childhood. We examined food intake and estimated mineral intake using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) to test its validity as a comparison with urinary excretion in Japanese youths. The subjects were 5th and 8th graders (n = 2377), who completed the BDHQ and permitted the use of their overnight urine specimens. Sodium intake was poorly associated with sodium excretion (Rho = 0.048), and the coefficients of dietary potassium and a sodium-to-potassium molar ratio were 0.091–0.130. Higher soybean paste (miso) intake and pickles were significantly associated with higher sodium excretion (p ≤ 0.005). However, these foods were positively associated with potassium excretion (p = 0.002–0.012), and not associated with an excreted sodium-to-potassium ratio. Fruits and dairy products were positively associated (p ≤ 0.048), whereas beverages were negatively associated with potassium excretion (p ≤ 0.004). The association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio was opposite to that of potassium (p ≤ 0.001). The choice of foods, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed using the BDHQ are available as part of health education for youths, but the assessment of sodium intake in population levels should be carefully conducted.

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