primary nephrotic syndrome
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Guiyun Yang ◽  
Huanqin Yang ◽  
Shifang Cui ◽  
Jinling Shan

Background. To observe the effect of Huaiqihuang granules combined with comprehensive nursing intervention on children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and its effect on renal function index. Methods. A total of 104 patients were included, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 52 cases in each group. The control group was treated with glucocorticoid, and the study group was treated with Huaiqihuang granules. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed. The levels of TG, TC, EGFR, 24 h UTP, BUN, Scr, IgA, IgG, IgM, IFN-γ and TNF-α were compared between two groups before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence rate after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results. The effective rate of the study group (94.23%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (78.85%). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in TG and TC levels between the two groups. After treatment, the levels of TG and TC in both groups were decreased, and the decrease was more obvious in the study group. Compared with before treatment, the levels of 24 h UTP, BUN, Scr, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in both groups were significantly decreased after treatment, while EGFR, IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were significantly increased. Compared with the control group, the changes of each index in the study group were more obvious after treatment. After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions. Huaiqihuang granules combined with comprehensive nursing treatment in children with PNS can reduce the occurrence of recent recurrence and adverse reactions and improve the cellular immune function and renal function.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfei Huang ◽  
Junyan Wang ◽  
Jufei Yang ◽  
Huifen Zhang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
...  

Background: Tacrolimus (TAC) is an important immunosuppressant for children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). The relationship between sampling time variability in TAC therapeutic drug monitoring and dosage regimen in such children is unknown.Methods: In this single-center, prospective, observational study, we evaluated the sampling time variability, concentration error (CE), relative CE (RCE), and the impact of the sampling time on TAC dosage regimens in 112 PNS children with 188 blood samples. Nominal concentration (Cnom) at 12-h after last TAC dose was simulated based on observed concentration (Cobs) via previously published pharmacokinetic models, then CE and RCE were calculated. Inappropriate dosing adjustments resulting from deviated sampling time were evaluated based on a target Cnom of 5–10 ng/ml.Results: We found that 32 and 68% of samples were respectively collected early (2–180 min) and delayed (4–315 min). Furthermore, 24, 22, 22, and 32% of blood samples were drawn within deviations of ≤0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, and >2 h, respectively, and 0.3 ng/ml of CE and 6% RCE per hour of deviation occurred. Within a deviation of >2 h, 25% of Cobs might result in inappropriate dosing adjustments. Early and delayed sampling might result in inappropriate dose holding or unnecessary dose increments, respectively, in patients with Cobs ∼ 5 ng/ml.Conclusions: Variable sampling time might lead to inappropriate dosing adjustment in a minority of children with PNS, particularly those with TAC Cobs ∼ 5 ng/ml collected with a deviation of >2 h.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jia Hao ◽  
Tong Fu ◽  
Yue Du

Objective: This study aims to investigate the quality of life of children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), assess their parents' disease awareness, and provide a basis for the comprehensive management of children with PNS.Methods: A total of 231 children with PNS who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Renal Rheumatology and Immunology in the ShengJing Hospital of the China Medical University from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The subjects and their parents were surveyed via a disease education and communication WeChat group and online questionnaire to investigate the children's quality of life, the needs of the parents, and their knowledge related to the disease.Results: In 93.51% of cases, the child's quality of life was affected, with mild to moderate effects being the most frequent (90.47%). The lowest overall quality of life scores were recorded for children who had been diagnosed 1–3 year prior to inclusion in the study, and the scores plateaued thereafter. On the physical functioning scale, the longer the illness, the greater the physical impact, with children typically experiencing pain and fatigue. The children generally scored low on the emotional functioning scale, exhibiting sleep disturbances for up to 5 years and worrying about accidents. The children's average score on the social functioning scale was high, with males achieving significantly higher scores (69.61 ± 25.42) than females (62.30 ± 27.51), and more than one-third of the children experiencing problems getting along with other teenagers and making friends. The primary problems expressed by parents were anxiety (59%), sadness (44%), fear (43%), and depression (40%), and several parents indicated that they struggled with issues of self-blame.Conclusion: PNS impacts the physical and psychological wellbeing of children suffering from the condition, significantly reduces their quality of life, and negatively impacts the psychological wellbeing of their parents. Therefore, children with PNS and their families need integrated management by doctors, nurses, dieticians, psychotherapists, educational institutions, and social stakeholders to improve their quality of life.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xue Hou ◽  
Meihua Xu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jinzhi Zhang ◽  
...  

Background. To investigate the clinical effects of Chinese medicine decoction combined with glucocorticoid in treating children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods. A total of 70 children with pediatric nephritis nephrotic syndrome treated at Weifang People’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were randomly allocated to the therapy group and the control group, each with 35 cases. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the therapy group received Western medicine and Chinese medicine. After 12 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect of the two groups was compared. Results. After receiving the treatment, the levels of urine protein (UPro), triglyceride, and cholesterol were significantly decreased in the two groups ( p < 0.05 ), and these levels in the therapy group were much lower than those of the control group ( p < 0.05 ). However, the level of albumin (ALB) was predominantly increased in the two groups after treatment ( p < 0.05 ), and this level in the therapy group was much higher than that of the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Moreover, the immune indicators, coagulation function, and recurrence rate were noticeably improved after treatment ( p < 0.05 ), and the therapy group was better than the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the comparison of renal function indexes, liver function indexes, and blood routine between the two groups showed no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. For the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome in children, based on conventional shock therapy, the addition of traditional Chinese medicine (Liuwei Dihuang pill decoction) remedy can significantly improve the disease symptoms in children and improve the efficacy, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low.


Author(s):  
Sohier Yahia ◽  
Ayman Hammad ◽  
Abdel‐Hady El‐Gilany ◽  
Mohamed El‐Assmy ◽  
Rasha El‐Tanbouly ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257674
Author(s):  
Rishi V. Parikh ◽  
Thida C. Tan ◽  
Dongjie Fan ◽  
David Law ◽  
Anne S. Salyer ◽  
...  

Introduction Limited population-based data exist about children with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods We identified a cohort of children with primary NS receiving care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system caring for >750,000 children. We identified all children <18 years between 1996 and 2012 who had nephrotic range proteinuria (urine ACR>3500 mg/g, urine PCR>3.5 mg/mg, 24-hour urine protein>3500 mg or urine dipstick>300 mg/dL) in laboratory databases or a diagnosis of NS in electronic health records. Nephrologists reviewed health records for clinical presentation and laboratory and biopsy results to confirm primary NS. Results Among 365 cases of confirmed NS, 179 had confirmed primary NS attributed to presumed minimal change disease (MCD) (72%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (23%) or membranous nephropathy (MN) (5%). The overall incidence of primary NS was 1.47 (95% Confidence Interval:1.27–1.70) per 100,000 person-years. Biopsy data were available in 40% of cases. Median age for patients with primary NS was 6.9 (interquartile range:3.7 to 12.9) years, 43% were female and 26% were white, 13% black, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 32% Hispanic. Conclusion This population-based identification of children with primary NS leveraging electronic health records can provide a unique approach and platform for describing the natural history of NS and identifying determinants of outcomes in children with primary NS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guoqun Zhou ◽  
Xiangdong Kong

Objective. To study the effect of prednisone combined with vitamin D in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Method. 73 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome admitted to the nephrology department of our hospital were randomly selected and retrospectively analyzed. 36 cases were treated with prednisone as the control group, and 37 cases were treated with prednisone combined with vitamin D as the observation group. The efficacy was compared after 3 months of continuous treatment. Result. After 3 months of treatment, the blood calcium of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, PTH was lower than that of the control group, and 25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). After 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment in the observation group, Scr and 24-h urine protein quantification were lower than those in the control group and eGFR was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 months of treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The serum sTfR and TGF-β1 levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 months of treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The total effective rate of the observation group was 83.78% after 3 months of combined treatment with prednisone and vitamin D, which was significantly higher than the total effective rate of the control group of 61.11% ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of nausea and vomiting, heartburn, headache, dry cough, hypercalcemia, and constipation during treatment in the observation group was not statistically different from that in the control group ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Combined treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children with prednisone and vitamin D can more significantly improve the level of clinical indicators, improve renal function and immune function, and obtain more satisfactory efficacy, without significantly affecting the safety of treatment.


Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0002892021
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Oliverio ◽  
Dorota Marchel ◽  
Jonathan P. Troost ◽  
Isabelle Ayoub ◽  
Salem Almaani ◽  
...  

Background: Primary nephrotic syndromes are rare diseases which impedes adequate sample size for observational patient-oriented research and clinical trial enrollment. A computable phenotype may be powerful in identifying patients with these diseases for research across multiple institutions. Methods: A comprehensive algorithm of inclusion and exclusion ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to identify patients with primary nephrotic syndrome was developed. The algorithm was executed against the PCORnet® CDM at 3 institutions from Jan 1, 2009 to Jan 1, 2018, where a random selection of 50 cases and 50 non-cases (individuals not meeting case criteria seen within the same calendar year and within five years of age of a case) were reviewed by a nephrologist, for a total of 150 cases and 150 non-cases reviewed. The classification accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, F1 score) of the computable phenotype was determined. Results: The algorithm identified a total of 2,708 patients with nephrotic syndrome from 4,305,092 distinct patients in the CDM at all sites from 2009-2018. For all sites, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the algorithm were 99% (95% CI: 97-99%), 79% (95% CI: 74-85%), and 0.9 (0.84-0.97), respectively. The most common causes of false positive classification were secondary FSGS (9/39) and lupus nephritis (9/39). Conclusion: This computable phenotype had good classification in identifying both children and adults with primary nephrotic syndrome utilizing only ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, which are available across institutions in the United States. This may facilitate future screening and enrollment for research studies and enable comparative effectiveness research. Further refinements to the algorithm including use of laboratory data or addition of natural language processing may help better distinguish primary and secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome.


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