The control mechanisms of gastric emptying are not overridden by motor stimulants

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. G744-G751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wulschke ◽  
H. J. Ehrlein ◽  
C. Tsiamitas
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Wall Tension ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Duodenal Motility ◽  
Antral Motility

We wanted to determine if an acceleration of the normal emptying rate by motor stimulants interfers with control mechanisms limiting gastric emptying. Therefore, we studied the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP) and cisapride on canine gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after ingestion of viscous acaloric and nutritive meals. Prolonged contractions and relaxations that change lumen size (isotonic component) and wall tension (isometric component) are defined as “basal contractions” and “basal relaxations”, respectively. The nutrient meal emptied much slower than the acaloric meal due to several alterations of gastric, pyloric, and duodenal motility. Both drugs stimulated antral motility but failed to accelerate gastric emptying of the nutrient meal. The main causes for the failure were a basal relaxation of the proximal antrum and a basal contraction of the duodenum. In conclusion, basal contractions of the proximal antrum and duodenum play an important role in the process of gastric emptying, and under physiological conditions the control mechanisms of gastric emptying provide an optimal emptying rate that cannot be markedly accelerated by 5-HTP and cisapride.

scholarly journals Impaired ghrelin signaling is associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats with gastroesophageal reflux disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. G42-G53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwa Nahata ◽  
Shuichi Muto ◽  
Nobuhiko Oridate ◽  
Shunsuke Ohnishi ◽  
Koji Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Antral Motility ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often associated with decreased upper gastrointestinal motility, and ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone known to increase gastrointestinal motility. We investigated whether ghrelin signaling is impaired in rats with GERD and studied its involvement in upper gastrointestinal motility. GERD was induced surgically in Wistar rats. Rats were injected intravenously with ghrelin (3 nmol/rat), after which gastric emptying, food intake, gastroduodenal motility, and growth hormone (GH) release were investigated. Furthermore, plasma ghrelin levels and the expression of ghrelin-related genes in the stomach and hypothalamus were examined. In addition, we administered ghrelin to GERD rats treated with rikkunshito, a Kampo medicine, and examined its effects on gastroduodenal motility. GERD rats showed a considerable decrease in gastric emptying, food intake, and antral motility. Ghrelin administration significantly increased gastric emptying, food intake, and antral and duodenal motility in sham-operated rats, but not in GERD rats. The effect of ghrelin on GH release was also attenuated in GERD rats, which had significantly increased plasma ghrelin levels and expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide mRNA in the hypothalamus. The number of ghrelin-positive cells in the gastric body decreased in GERD rats, but the expression of gastric preproghrelin and GH secretagogue receptor mRNA was not affected. However, when ghrelin was exogenously administered to GERD rats treated with rikkunshito, a significant increase in antral motility was observed. These results suggest that gastrointestinal dysmotility is associated with impaired ghrelin signaling in GERD rats and that rikkunshito restores gastrointestinal motility by improving the ghrelin response.

Intraluminal lipids modulate avian gastrointestinal motility

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. R445-R452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martinez ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
E. Gonalons ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Speed Of Propagation ◽  
Spike Bursts

Infusion of lipids into the ileum delays gastric emptying and intestinal transit time in some species. The aim of this study was to characterize the actions of intraluminal lipid infusion on gastrointestinal electrical activity in chickens. Animals were prepared for electromyography with chronic electrodes in stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. Two catheters were chronically placed in the esophagus and ileum to infuse equimolar doses of either oleic acid (OA) or triolein (TO). Both OA and TO, esophageally infused, inhibited the frequency of the gastroduodenal cycle and increased the frequency of antiperistaltic spike bursts in the duodenum. Ileal infusion of OA, but not of TO, produced the same effects. Both esophageal and ileal OA infusion increased the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and decreased the speed of propagation of phase III. In conclusion, intraluminal infusion of lipids modulates gastrointestinal motility by decreasing the frequency of the gastric cycle, increasing duodenogastric refluxes, and elongating the MMC. These actions could delay gastric emptying and increase transit time, which suggests the presence of an "ileal brake" mechanism similar to that described in mammals.

scholarly journals NMDA Receptors of Gastric-Projecting Neurons in the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Mediate the Regulation of Gastric Emptying by EA at Weishu (BL21)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Xianghong Jing ◽  
Yongfa Qiao ◽  
Xinyan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility. While several lines of evidence addressed the basic mechanism of EA on gastrointestinal motility regarding effects of limb and abdomen points, the mechanism for effects of the back points on gastric motility still remains unclear. Here we report that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist kynurenic acid inhibited the gastric emptying increase induced by high-intensity EA at BL21 and agonist NMDA enhanced the effect of the same treatment. EA at BL21 enhanced NMDAR, but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR) component of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) in gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In sum, our data demonstrate an important role of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission of gastric-projecting DMV neurons in mediating EA at BL21-induced enhancement of gastric emptying.

scholarly journals Effect of Dai-kenchu-to on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruo Kawasaki ◽  
Koji Nakada ◽  
Yutaka Suzuki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Furukawa ◽  
Nobuyoshi Hanyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility

▾ Cisapride – more selective than metoclopramide

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (23) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Antiemetic Effect ◽  
Gut Motility ◽  
Prokinetic Drugs ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Product Licence

Metoclopramide (Maxolon; Primperan), has been around for over 20 years and domperidone (Motilium - Sterling Winthrop) for eight years. Both are prokinetic drugs which speed gastric emptying, increase oesophageal sphincter pressure, stimulate gut motility and in addition have a central antiemetic effect. Cisapride (Prepulsid - Janssen; Alimix - Cilag) has a similar chemical structure to metoclopramide and is intended for the reduction of oesophageal reflux and relief of symptoms caused by impaired gastrointestinal motility. The product licence has recently been extended to include treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

scholarly journals Gastric emptying and antral motility in reflux esophagitis

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Behar ◽  
Gale Ramsby
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Antral Motility

scholarly journals Effects of various histamine H2-receptor antagonists on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying.

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi OHIRA ◽  
Nobuyoshi HANYU ◽  
Teruaki AOKI ◽  
Yoshihiro HASHIMOTO ◽  
Motomasa IIKURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Histamine H2 Receptor ◽  
H2 Receptor

Pressure-geometry relationship in the antroduodenal region in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. G1214-G1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Faas ◽  
Geoffrey S. Hebbard ◽  
Christine Feinle ◽  
Patrik Kunz ◽  
James G. Brasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Gastric Motor Function ◽  
Nutrient Infusion

Understanding of the control mechanisms underlying gastric motor function is still limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antral pressure-geometry relationships during gastric emptying slowed by intraduodenal nutrient infusion and enhanced by erythromycin. In seven healthy subjects, antral contractile activity was assessed by combined dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and antroduodenal high-resolution manometry. After intragastric administration of a 20% glucose solution (750 ml), gastric motility and emptying were recorded during intraduodenal nutrient infusion alone and, subsequently, combined with intravenous erythromycin. Before erythromycin, contraction waves were antegrade (propagation speed: 2.7 ± 1.7 mm/s; lumen occlusion: 47 ± 14%). Eighty-two percent (51/62) of contraction waves were detected manometrically. Fifty-four percent of contractile events (254/473) were associated with a detectable pressure event. Pressure and the degree of lumen occlusion were only weakly correlated ( r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.026). After erythromycin, episodes of strong antroduodenal contractions were observed. In conclusion, antral contractions alone do not reliably predict gastric emptying. Erythromycin induces strong antroduodenal contractions not necessarily associated with fast emptying. Finally, manometry reliably detects ∼80% of contraction waves, but conclusions from manometry regarding actual contractile activity must be made with care.

scholarly journals Effects of GM-611, a novel erythromycin derivative, on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying in conscious Rhesus monkeys.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Kenji Yogo ◽  
Ken-ichi Ozaki ◽  
Hisanori Takanashi ◽  
Masao Kotoh ◽  
Michitaka Akima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys
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