scholarly journals Effect of Dai-kenchu-to on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruo Kawasaki ◽  
Koji Nakada ◽  
Yutaka Suzuki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Furukawa ◽  
Nobuyoshi Hanyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility

Intraluminal lipids modulate avian gastrointestinal motility

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. R445-R452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martinez ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
E. Gonalons ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Speed Of Propagation ◽  
Spike Bursts

Infusion of lipids into the ileum delays gastric emptying and intestinal transit time in some species. The aim of this study was to characterize the actions of intraluminal lipid infusion on gastrointestinal electrical activity in chickens. Animals were prepared for electromyography with chronic electrodes in stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. Two catheters were chronically placed in the esophagus and ileum to infuse equimolar doses of either oleic acid (OA) or triolein (TO). Both OA and TO, esophageally infused, inhibited the frequency of the gastroduodenal cycle and increased the frequency of antiperistaltic spike bursts in the duodenum. Ileal infusion of OA, but not of TO, produced the same effects. Both esophageal and ileal OA infusion increased the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and decreased the speed of propagation of phase III. In conclusion, intraluminal infusion of lipids modulates gastrointestinal motility by decreasing the frequency of the gastric cycle, increasing duodenogastric refluxes, and elongating the MMC. These actions could delay gastric emptying and increase transit time, which suggests the presence of an "ileal brake" mechanism similar to that described in mammals.

scholarly journals NMDA Receptors of Gastric-Projecting Neurons in the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Mediate the Regulation of Gastric Emptying by EA at Weishu (BL21)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Xianghong Jing ◽  
Yongfa Qiao ◽  
Xinyan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility. While several lines of evidence addressed the basic mechanism of EA on gastrointestinal motility regarding effects of limb and abdomen points, the mechanism for effects of the back points on gastric motility still remains unclear. Here we report that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist kynurenic acid inhibited the gastric emptying increase induced by high-intensity EA at BL21 and agonist NMDA enhanced the effect of the same treatment. EA at BL21 enhanced NMDAR, but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR) component of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) in gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In sum, our data demonstrate an important role of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission of gastric-projecting DMV neurons in mediating EA at BL21-induced enhancement of gastric emptying.

▾ Cisapride – more selective than metoclopramide

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (23) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Antiemetic Effect ◽  
Gut Motility ◽  
Prokinetic Drugs ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Product Licence

Metoclopramide (Maxolon; Primperan), has been around for over 20 years and domperidone (Motilium - Sterling Winthrop) for eight years. Both are prokinetic drugs which speed gastric emptying, increase oesophageal sphincter pressure, stimulate gut motility and in addition have a central antiemetic effect. Cisapride (Prepulsid - Janssen; Alimix - Cilag) has a similar chemical structure to metoclopramide and is intended for the reduction of oesophageal reflux and relief of symptoms caused by impaired gastrointestinal motility. The product licence has recently been extended to include treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

The control mechanisms of gastric emptying are not overridden by motor stimulants

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. G744-G751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wulschke ◽  
H. J. Ehrlein ◽  
C. Tsiamitas
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Wall Tension ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Duodenal Motility ◽  
Antral Motility

We wanted to determine if an acceleration of the normal emptying rate by motor stimulants interfers with control mechanisms limiting gastric emptying. Therefore, we studied the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP) and cisapride on canine gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after ingestion of viscous acaloric and nutritive meals. Prolonged contractions and relaxations that change lumen size (isotonic component) and wall tension (isometric component) are defined as “basal contractions” and “basal relaxations”, respectively. The nutrient meal emptied much slower than the acaloric meal due to several alterations of gastric, pyloric, and duodenal motility. Both drugs stimulated antral motility but failed to accelerate gastric emptying of the nutrient meal. The main causes for the failure were a basal relaxation of the proximal antrum and a basal contraction of the duodenum. In conclusion, basal contractions of the proximal antrum and duodenum play an important role in the process of gastric emptying, and under physiological conditions the control mechanisms of gastric emptying provide an optimal emptying rate that cannot be markedly accelerated by 5-HTP and cisapride.

scholarly journals Effects of various histamine H2-receptor antagonists on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying.

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi OHIRA ◽  
Nobuyoshi HANYU ◽  
Teruaki AOKI ◽  
Yoshihiro HASHIMOTO ◽  
Motomasa IIKURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Histamine H2 Receptor ◽  
H2 Receptor

scholarly journals Effects of GM-611, a novel erythromycin derivative, on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying in conscious Rhesus monkeys.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Kenji Yogo ◽  
Ken-ichi Ozaki ◽  
Hisanori Takanashi ◽  
Masao Kotoh ◽  
Michitaka Akima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys

scholarly journals The effects of pectin and wheat bran on the distribution of a meal in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Brown ◽  
A. Greenburgh ◽  
J. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal

The effects of wheat bran and pectin on the gastrointestinal distribution of a radiolabelled, homogenized baked-bean meal were investigated in the rat. These fibres were chosen because of their very different physical characteristics; wheat bran is a coarse, particulate, mainly insoluble fibre whilst pectin is a soluble viscous polysaccharide. Sixty male rats were administered orally with control or test meals and five from each group were killed after 50, 100, 200 and 300 min. The gut was removed and the distribution of the meal established scintigraphically. Addition of the fibres altered the distribution of the meal with faster accumulation at the distal and caecal areas. Wheat bran delayed gastric emptying whilst pectin promoted gastric emptying and had a pronounced effect on increasing the distal accumulation of the meal. These alterations in the distribution of a homogenized baked bean meal show that dietary fibres with different physical characteristics may alter gastrointestinal motility in different ways and these differences may have implications for meal absorption and clinical treatments of gastrointestinal disorders.

Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastrointestinal motility: evaluation by gastric-emptying scintigraphy

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Wakamatsu ◽  
Shigeki Nagamachi ◽  
Ryuichi Nishii ◽  
Kazutaka Higaki ◽  
Keiichi Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL BASES OF GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY CHANGES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE: STUDY IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cirlanio Sousa ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
Tiago Santos MENDES ◽  
Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque BRANDÃO ◽  
Annyta Fernandes FROTA ◽  
Thomas Dominik de Souza dos REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Disease Study

ABSTRACT Background: Gastrointestinal disorders are frequently reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease whose disorders reduce the absorption of nutrients and drugs, worsening the clinical condition of patients. However, the mechanisms involved in modifying gastrointestinal pathophysiology have not yet been fully explained. Aim: To evaluate its effects on gastrointestinal motility and the involvement of the vagal and splanchnic pathways. Methods: Male Wistar rats (250-300 g, n = 84) were used and divided into two groups. Group I (6-OHDA) received an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (21 µg/animal). Group II (control) received a saline solution (NaCl, 0.9%) under the same conditions. The study of gastric emptying, intestinal transit, gastric compliance and operations (vagotomy and splanchnotomy) were performed 14 days after inducing neurodegeneration. Test meal (phenol red 5% glucose) was used to assess the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Results: Parkinson’s disease delayed gastric emptying and intestinal transit at all time periods studied; however, changes in gastric compliance were not observed. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by pretreatment with vagotomy and splanchnotomy+celiac gangliectomy, thus suggesting the involvement of such pathways in the observed motor disorders. Conclusion: Parkinson’s disease compromises gastric emptying, as well as intestinal transit, but does not alter gastric compliance. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by truncal vagotomy, splanchnotomy and celiac ganglionectomy, suggesting the involvement of such pathways in delaying gastric emptying.

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