Intraluminal lipids modulate avian gastrointestinal motility

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. R445-R452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martinez ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
E. Gonalons ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Speed Of Propagation ◽  
Spike Bursts

Infusion of lipids into the ileum delays gastric emptying and intestinal transit time in some species. The aim of this study was to characterize the actions of intraluminal lipid infusion on gastrointestinal electrical activity in chickens. Animals were prepared for electromyography with chronic electrodes in stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. Two catheters were chronically placed in the esophagus and ileum to infuse equimolar doses of either oleic acid (OA) or triolein (TO). Both OA and TO, esophageally infused, inhibited the frequency of the gastroduodenal cycle and increased the frequency of antiperistaltic spike bursts in the duodenum. Ileal infusion of OA, but not of TO, produced the same effects. Both esophageal and ileal OA infusion increased the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and decreased the speed of propagation of phase III. In conclusion, intraluminal infusion of lipids modulates gastrointestinal motility by decreasing the frequency of the gastric cycle, increasing duodenogastric refluxes, and elongating the MMC. These actions could delay gastric emptying and increase transit time, which suggests the presence of an "ileal brake" mechanism similar to that described in mammals.

The influence of a chronic subclinical infection ofTrichostrongylus colubriformison gastrointestinal motility and digesta flow in sheep

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Gregory ◽  
G. Wenham ◽  
D. Poppi ◽  
R. L. Coop ◽  
J. C. MacRae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit Time

The influence of a chronic subclinicael infection ofTrichostrongylus colubriformis, 2500 larvae/day for 12 weeks, on gastrointestinal motility and digesta flow was studied in 12 sheep suppliedad libitumwith food and water. Motility was recorded by X-radiography and electromyography from chronically implanted electrodes;abomasal volume and outflow were estimated by dilution of CrEDTA; small intestinal transit time was estimated by passage of Phenol Red. The findings were compared with measurements made prior to infection at restricted food intake and reported separately. The first effects of infection were seen after 3–4 weeks. No animal developed diarrhoea, but food intake was progressively reduced. Small intestinal transit time, abomasal volume and half-time of marker dilution increased while abomasal outflow decreased during infection. These changes occurred both in absolute terms and when compared with values predicted from the observed level of food intake. As the animals became resistant to the parasites abomasal volume and digesta flow returned towards control values (weeks 10–12). The migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was disrupted in only one sheep, and only transiently. In all sheep the frequency of the MMC was increased during infection and there was a progressive inhibition of abomasal, duodenal and jejunal motility. X-radiography showed there was prolonged pooling of digesta in the proximal small intestine which was cleared only at the phase of regular spiking activity. Two sheep given an anthelmintic drench recovered normal motility and clearance of digesta. It is concluded that subclinical infection of sheep with T.colubriformisalters the normal pattern of gastrointestinal motility in the absence of any diarrhoea, and causes inhibition of abomasal and proximal small intestinal motility and digesta flow. The increased frequency of MMCs helps to maintain digesta flow through the proximal small intestine.

Minute rhythm of electrical spike bursts of the small intestine in different species

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. G654-G659 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fleckenstein ◽  
L. Bueno ◽  
J. Fioramonti ◽  
Y. Ruckebusch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Spike Bursts

Electrical activity of propagating spike bursts recurring at minute intervals was recorded from the small intestine by chronically implanted electrodes in the rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, and pig. This "minute rhythm" has been recorded previously from the intact human small intestine. It occurs in the jejunum with a period duration of 0.5-2.0 min in all species examined. The minute rhythm was accompanied by pressure waves propagating over a short distance, and the activity was most prominent before the onset of phase III of the myoelectric complex. The minute rhythm was activated by the infusion of saline in the jejunum, and it may possibly reflect a normal mechanism for the transport of fluid content.

Rhythmic oscillating complexes in gastrointestinal tract of chickens: a role for motilin

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. G916-G922 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodriguez-Sinovas ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
P. De Clercq ◽  
T. L. Peeters ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Plasma Motilin ◽  
Dose Dependent

Rhythmic oscillating complex (ROC) is a highly organized gastrointestinal motility pattern recently described in fasted avian species. ROCs show several high-speed aborad-propagated contractions that progressively change into others of orad direction. In addition, chickens show migrating motor complexes (MMC) in both fed and fasting states. Recently, motilin was isolated and characterized from chicken small intestine. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to learn whether chicken motilin might be involved in either ROC or MMC induction. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from different areas of the gastrointestinal tract of chickens while motilin was infused. The response to chicken motilin was dose dependent in both fed and fasted animals; a bolus of 4 x 10(-11) mol/kg (n = 5) did not modify the intestinal motor pattern, whereas 4 x 10(-10) and 4 x 10(-9) mol/kg (n = 5 each) induced a complete ROC pattern of 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 10.8 +/- 0.9 min, respectively. ROCs induced by chicken motilin presented exactly the same pattern as that described during a spontaneous ROC. Furthermore, motilin concentration in plasma, measured by radioimmunoassay, increased during a spontaneous ROC. This study suggests that chicken motilin triggers an ROC in chickens. The fact that plasma motilin levels increased during spontaneous ROC strongly suggests that motilin is involved in the induction of the ROC pattern. Motilin seems to play a different role in avian and mammalian species, because a phase III of the MMC was never induced by motilin infusion.

Motility of the pyloric sphincter studied by the inductograph method in conscious dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. G650-G657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ehrlein
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Luminal Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastric Contractions

The aim of the study is to evaluate the motility of the pyloric sphincter in conscious dogs by means of extraluminal transducers. For this purpose induction coils were chronically implanted in 12 dogs. After a meal the pylorus opened and closed in relation to the gastric waves. The mean changes in pyloric diameter were 5.4 +/- 1.0 mm. During phase I of the interdigestive state, the mean degree of pyloric opening was 39 +/- 18%. Gastric contractions occurring during phase II or phase III were accompanied with a marked increase in pyloric diameter; the degree of pyloric opening was 93 +/- 12%. Duodenal instillations of hydrochloric acid or oleic acid significantly diminished the pyloric diameter. Nutrients added to a viscous meal also diminished the pyloric opening significantly in comparison with an acaloric meal. Results suggest that the pyloric sphincter is involved in the control of gastric emptying. The inductograph is a useful technique to study pyloric activity without impediment of luminal flow in animals.

The Somatostatin Analogue Sms 201–995 Accelerates Gastric Emptying but Prolongs Intestinal Transit Time

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (s13) ◽  
pp. 71P-71P
Author(s):  
H.S. Fuessl ◽  
G. Carolan ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
S.R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal motility and Intestinal structure following oral exposure to acrylamide in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
A.O. Ige ◽  
O.I. Ayoola ◽  
E.O. Oladejo ◽  
B.O. Adele ◽  
O.O. Ola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Small Intestines

Introduction: Acrylamide, a byproduct of the cooking process, has been reported to be a toxicant with likely carcinogenic properties. Its impairment of gastric function has been previously reported. In this study its effects on gastrointestinal motility and intestinal structure was investigated in male Wistar rats.Methods: Forty-five rats (120-180g) were divided into 3 equal groups (n=15) and treated p.o with either 0.2ml distilled-water, or acrylamide (7.5mg/kg and 15mg/kg respectively) for 28days. Thereafter, gastric emptying and intestinal motility was assessed. Intestinal structure (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), mucosal and intestinal cell counts were evaluated using histological techniques.Results: Gastric emptying and intestinal transit time increased (p<0.05) in the experimental (acrylamidetreated; 7.5mg/kg and 15mg/kg) groups compared to control. Mucosal cell counts (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and ileum intestinal cell counts (p<0.05) were reduced in the experimental groups compared to control. Compared to control, duodenal samples of the experimental groups showed severe coagulative necrosis and sloughing off of the villi, luminal filling with necrotic debris, disruption and necrosis of the crypts of Lieberkühn, moderate polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and vascular congestion. These pathologies albeit with less severity were also observed in the jejunum and ileum of acrylamide treated groups.Conclusion: Increased oral exposure to acrylamide impairs gastric emptying, intestinal motility, mucus secretion and compromises digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestines, especially the duodenum. These observations may be ascribed to acrylamide-induced impaired neuronal signaling, autonomic neuropathy, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell necrosis. Keywords: Acrylamide, gastrointestinal tract, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, small intestines

scholarly journals Effects of peptide YY (PYY) on mouth to caecum intestinal transit time and on the rate of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers.

Gut ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Savage ◽  
T E Adrian ◽  
G Carolan ◽  
V K Chatterjee ◽  
S R Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time

A basic relationship between gastric and duodenal motilities in chickens.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (6) ◽  
pp. E670
Author(s):  
M Roche ◽  
Y Ruckebusch
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Daily Frequency ◽  
Basic Relationship ◽  
Spike Bursts ◽  
Smooth Muscle Electrical Activity

Chickens were chronically fitted with a duodenal cannula and pairs of electrodes implanted in the wall of the muscular stomach, duodenum and ileum. Smooth muscle electrical activity was recorded in both fed and fasted conditions under a 12--12 h dark-light schedule. Two major patterns of activity were identified. The first consisted of spike bursts that propagated rapidly either aborally from the stomach or orally from the ileum. Aborad-propagated spike bursts were most frequent during the daytime; this circadian variation was abolished by vagotomy, which also increased the frequency of orad-propagated spike bursts. The second pattern was characterized by periods of repetitive spike bursts lasting 3--10 min and spreading aborally at a slower rate. In the fasted chicken, the daily frequency was increased and the period of repetitive spike bursts resembled the prolonged bursts of spike potentials recorded in the feline small intestine. The results suggest that the propulsion of digesta might depend on the ratio of spike bursts moving aborally from the stomach to those moving orally from the ileum. Both factors were influenced by the level of stomach activity.

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