Small intestinal motility in fasted and postprandial states: effect of transient vagosympathetic blockade

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. G301-G308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chung ◽  
N. E. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Entire Small Bowel ◽  
Vagal Blockade ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gastric Contractions

We investigated vagal control of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and postprandial pattern of the canine small intestine. Gastric and small intestinal motility were monitored in six conscious dogs. The vagosympathetic nerves, previously isolated in bilateral skin loops, were blocked by cooling. To feed, a meat-based liquid food was infused by tube into the gastric fundus. MMC phases I, II, III, and IV were observed in the fasted state. On feeding, the fed pattern appeared quickly in the proximal small bowel but was delayed distally. Vagal blockade abolished all gastric contractions and spiking activity as well as the small bowel fed pattern. During vagal blockade, the small bowel exhibited MMC-like migrating bursts of spikes in both the fasted and fed states. The migration and cycling of these bursts were not significantly different from the MMC, but the duodenal and jejunal phase II was absent or shortened. On termination of vagal blockade, normal fasting or fed activity reappeared but with a delay in the fed pattern distally. We conclude: the ileum is the least sensitive to vagal blockade; the fasting vagal influence is exerted primarily on phases I and II of the duodenal and jejunal MMC; the fed pattern throughout the entire small bowel is normally dependent upon vagal integrity; the phase III-like bursts of activity seen during vagal blockade likely represents the intrinsic small bowel MMC, which is vagally independent.

scholarly journals Evidence that nitric oxide mechanisms regulate small intestinal motility in humans

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Russo ◽  
R Fraser ◽  
K Adachi ◽  
M Horowitz ◽  
G Boeckxstaens
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

BackgroundNon-cholinergic non-adrenergic neural mechanisms involving nerves containing NO have been shown to modulate smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, and it has been suggested that release from tonic NO inhibition may be important in the regulation of cyclical fasting small intestinal motility.AimsTo evaluate the role of NO mechanisms in the regulation of fasting small intestinal motor activity in humans using a specific NO synthase inhibitor,NG-monomethyl-l-arginine ( l-NMMA).MethodsIn seven healthy male volunteers, duodenal and jejunal pressures were measured for four hours with a nine lumen manometric catheter. Volunteers attended on four separate days on which they received an intravenous infusion of either saline or l-NMMA (0.5, 2, or 4 mg/kg/h) in random order. Intravenous infusions began 10 minutes after completion of phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC).ResultsThe first episode of phase III activity occurred earlier after infusion of 2 and 4 mg/kg/h l-NMMA than after infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/hl-NMMA or saline (mean (95% confidence interval) 52 (36–68) and 57 (18–97) v 116 (69–193) and 145 (64–226) minutes respectively) with a resultant MMC cycle length of 82 (59–105) and 86 (46–126) v 132 (49–198) and 169 (98–240) minutes respectively. The total number of phase III activities during the four hour recording was increased (p<0.05) by l-NMMA at a dose of 4 mg/kg/h (2 (1–3)) but not at 2 mg/kg/h (1.5 (1–2)) or 0.5 mg/kg/h (1.3 (1–2)) compared with saline (1.3 (0.6–2)). l-NMMA had no effect on the duration, velocity, number of contractions per minute, length of migration, or site of origin of phase III of the MMC. The duration of phase I activity was shorter (p<0.05) with 4 mg/kg/hl-NMMA than with saline (12 (1–23)v 31 (19–44) minutes).ConclusionsThese observations suggest that NO mechanisms play a role in the regulation of fasting small intestinal motor activity in humans.

Relationship of postprandial motilin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide release to intestinal motility during vagal interruption

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chung ◽  
G. R. Greenberg ◽  
N. E. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Vagal Blockade ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Vagal Cooling ◽  
Sustained Increase

Experiments were performed to determine how postprandial motilin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations measured during vagal blockade relate to coincident small intestinal motility patterns. Feeding produced a postprandial pattern of intestinal motility coincident with a sustained increase in gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide and a decline in motilin plasma concentrations. Vagal blockade replaced the fed pattern with one similar to migrating motor complex (MMC) activity. Highest motilin plasma concentrations were observed during phase III of this MMC-like activity, as occurs in the fasted state. Vagal blockade reduced but did not abolish the postprandial increase in plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations. Termination of vagal cooling produced a decline in motilin and an elevation in gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations, coincident with the return of the fed pattern. In conclusion, during vagal blockade in the fed state (i) motilin, but not gastrin or pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations, fluctuate with the MMC-like activity, and any measurement of motilin concentrations under these circumstances must be interpreted on the basis of gut motility patterns, and (ii) gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations are marginally elevated, but these changes are not enough to disrupt the MMC or have any motor effect. Lastly, the fed pattern and the postprandial changes in motilin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations are in part dependent upon intact vagal pathways.Key words: gastrointestinal motility, vagus, motilin, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide.

Concentration-Dependent Stimulation of Intestinal Phase III of Migrating Motor Complex by Circulating Serotonin in Humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Lördal ◽  
Håkan Wallén ◽  
Paul Hjemdahl ◽  
Olof Beck ◽  
Per M. Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. The influence of circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) on small intestinal motility was investigated in healthy volunteers. 2. Small intestinal motility was studied by means of a constantly perfused multi-channel manometry tube, connected to a computer system. 3. Intravenous infusions of either 5-hydroxytryptamine at increasing doses or saline were given over a period of 4 h. 4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine infusion dose-dependently increased plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine from approximately 2 to 10 and 25 nmol/l respectively, as well as urinary excretions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, a major 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolite. 5. The number of phase III of the migrating motor complex originating in the small intestine was dose-dependently increased by 5-hydroxytryptamine, and found to correlate to the plasma concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The fraction of phase III also increased at the expense of phase II activity. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine increased the motility index, propagation velocity of phase III activity and the amplitude of contractions during phase III. 6. Whereas the low dose of 5-hydroxytryptamine (15 nmol · min−1 · kg−1) had no haemodynamic effects, an increase in heart rate by approximately 20 beats/min, without change in blood pressure, was observed at the higher dose (60 nmol · min−1 · kg−1). Respiratory parameters did not change during infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine at either dose. 7. In conclusion, elevation of circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine by intravenous infusion results in more frequent and faster propagating migrating motor complexes in the human small intestine during the interdigestive period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kudo ◽  
Nobuyasu Arai ◽  
Reiko Kyodo ◽  
Kenji Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: The correlation between small intestinal motility alteration and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well evaluated. Aims: To assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an IBS rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the IBS pathophysiology.Methods: Restraint stress was utilized to make adolescent IBS rat models that were evaluated for clinical symptoms, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated. The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the 5-HT expression was evaluated using immunostaining.Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the IBS rat models. There was no difference in real-time PCR results, but immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-HT expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the IBS rat models.Conclusions: In the adolescent rat model of IBS with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-HT secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility.

scholarly journals Development of a quantitative method for evaluating small intestinal motility using ultrasonography in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Kishi ◽  
Noriyuki Kaji ◽  
Mari Endo ◽  
Yoshiharu Tsuru ◽  
Tetsuro Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Failure of Added Dietary Gluten to Induce Small Intestinal Histopathological Changes in Patients with Watery Diarrhea and Lymphocytic Colitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh James Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Microscopic Colitis ◽  
Lymphocytic Colitis ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Colorectal Biopsies ◽  
Small Intestinal

Lymphocytic colitis is a form of microscopic colitis usually characterized by watery diarrhea and often associated with biopsy-defined celiac disease. Two patients with lymphocytic colitis and normal small intestinal biopsies who were administered 40 g of added dietary gluten for four consecutive weeks are presented. Small intestinal biopsies from multiple sites in the proximal small bowel were done after three and four weeks to determine whether pathological changes in latent celiac disease could be induced in these patients with a high gluten-containing diet. In addition, colorectal biopsies were done to determine whether the colitis was sensitive to oral gluten. No alterations in the small intestinal biopsies were detected in either patient and no changes occurred in colitis severity. Although microscopic forms of colitis have been linked to celiac disease, this study indicates that lymphocytic colitis is a heterogeneous clinicopathological disorder that, in some patients, is independent of any gluten-induced intestinal pathological changes.

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