Carotid sinus distension and superior cervical ganglion transmission

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (5) ◽  
pp. H716-H720
Author(s):  
R. S. Tuttle ◽  
M. McCleary
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Potential Height

The functional relationship between sinusal distension and the sympathetic innervation of the feline carotid sinus was investigated by neurophysiological techniques. A balloon catheter was used to distend the sinus region while recording evoked postganglionic activity from the superior cervical ganglion. When the SCG was stimulated at 1.0 or 10.0/s, balloon inflation reduced postganglionic action potential height by 25-50% and increased ganglionic negativity. These effects were subsequently abolished by section of one of the remaining intact postganglionic trunks. This evidence suggests that a pressure-modulated reflex arc, similar to the intestinointestinal reflex, might exist between the carotid sinus and superior and cervical ganglion.

Sinusal afferents supplying superior cervical ganglion

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. H168-H171
Author(s):  
R. S. Tuttle ◽  
M. McCleary
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cardiac Pulse ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sinusal distension can evoke activity in nerves supplying the superior cervical ganglion. These nerves, which have been shown to have little depressor influence, may carry an inhibitory input from the carotid sinus to the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). They have the morphological characteristics of the nerve of Hering and show cardiac pulse-related activity that may reach a maximum of 50 impulses/s during distension of the sinus. Electrical stimulation of the ascending preganglionic sympathetic trunk supplying the SCG may evoke discreet bursts of activity in these fibers, which do not summate with continued stimulation.

An AF-DX 116 sensitive inhibitory mechanism modulates nicotinic and muscarinic transmission in cat superior cervical ganglion in the presence of anticholinesterase

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bachoo ◽  
C. Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Compound Action

The effect of the muscarinic receptor antagonist AF-DX 116 on the inhibitory action of muscarinic agonists and on responses mediated by nicotinic or muscarinic ganglionic transmission was studied in the superior cervical ganglion of the anesthetized cat. The postganglionic compound action potential evoked by cervical sympathetic trunk stimulation was depressed by methacholine or acetylcholine (ACh) injected into the ganglionic arterial supply. The depression was blocked by AF-DX 116. The compound action potentials evoked by preganglionic stimulus trains were also depressed when the intratrain frequency was 2 Hz or greater. This intratrain depression was, however, insensitive to AF-DX 116. The anticholinesterase drug physostigmine markedly enhanced the intratrain depression of the compound action potential. This effect was reversed by AF-DX 116. During nicotinic receptor block with hexamethonium, preganglionic stimulus trains with intratrain frequencies of 5 Hz or greater produced nictitating membrane contractions that could be blocked by the M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine. The amplitude of the contractions increased with frequency and reached a maximum at 20–40 Hz. AF-DX 116 had no effect on these responses. After administration of physostigmine, the amplitude of the nictitating membrane responses decreased with increasing intratrain frequency. AF-DX 116 reversed this effect. The data suggest that, in the superior cervical ganglion, AF-DX 116 sensitive muscarinic receptors which depress synaptic transmission are activated by exogenous agonists but not by the ACh released by the preganglionic axon terminals unless cholinesterase activity is inhibited. This may result from the fact that these receptors, although accessible to agonists injected into the ganglionic arterial supply, are remote from synaptic release sites and that, under normal conditions, cholinesterase activity prevents sufficient activation of these receptors by the nerve-released ACh to result in modulation of synaptic transmission.Key words: muscarinic inhibition, M2 receptors, sympathetic ganglion modulation.

scholarly journals Structural changes of the human superior cervical ganglion following ischemic stroke

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gineta Liutkienė ◽  
Rimvydas Stropus ◽  
Anita Dabužinskienė ◽  
Mara Pilmane
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Neuronal Cell Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglia

Objective. The sympathetic nervous system participates in the modulation of cerebrovascular autoregulation. The most important source of sympathetic innervation of the cerebral arteries is the superior cervical ganglion. The aim of this study was to investigate signs of the neurodegenerative alteration in the sympathetic ganglia including the evaluation of apoptosis of neuronal and satellite cells in the human superior cervical ganglion after ischemic stroke, because so far alterations in human sympathetic ganglia related to the injury to peripheral tissue have not been enough analyzed. Materials and methods. We investigated human superior cervical ganglia from eight patients who died of ischemic stroke and from seven control subjects. Neurohistological examination of sympathetic ganglia was performed on 5 μm paraffin sections stained with cresyl violet. TUNEL method was applied to assess apoptotic cells of sympathetic ganglia. Results. The present investigation showed that: (1) signs of neurodegenerative alteration (darkly stained and deformed neurons with vacuoles, lymphocytic infiltrates, gliocyte proliferation) were markedly expressed in the ganglia of stroke patients; (2) apoptotic neuronal and glial cell death was observed in the human superior cervical ganglia of the control and stroke groups; (3) heterogenic distribution of apoptotic neurons and glial cells as well as individual variations in both groups were identified; (4) higher apoptotic index of sympathetic neurons (89%) in the stroke group than in the control group was found. Conclusions. We associated these findings with retrograde reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage, which occurs in the ischemic focus of blood vessels innervated by superior cervical ganglion.

The survival of the rat’s superior cervical ganglion after cooling to –76° C

1957 ◽  
Vol 147 (929) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglion

The isolated rat’s superior cervical ganglion preparation has been shown to withstand cooling to –10° C for short periods with little damage, as judged by the size of the transmitted action potential. Cooling to –76° C invariably caused the abolition of all excitability. This could be prevented by pretreating with 15% v/v glycerol.

Timing of sympathetic innervation affects growth of myocardium in oculo

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. H140-H148
Author(s):  
T. C. Love ◽  
D. C. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Whole Heart

The effects of sympathetic innervation on myocardial growth during the proliferative and hypertrophic phases of cardiac growth were examined with the use of embryonic day 12 whole hearts or ventricles cultured in the anterior eye chamber of adult rats for 8 wk. Sympathetic innervation of whole heart and ventricular grafts was prevented by removing the superior cervical ganglion 1 wk before grafting or was limited to the cellular proliferation phase of growth by superior cervical ganglionectomy after grafts had been in oculo for 4 wk. Grafts in sympathetically innervated eye chambers were significantly larger than grafts in eye chambers denervated at 4 wk and grafts in eye chambers sympathectomized 1 wk before grafting. Innervation of grafts was delayed until 5-6 wk in oculo by crushing the internal carotid nerve. Delayed innervation produced grafts that were as large as those in innervated eye chambers. Together, these experiments suggest that the effects of sympathetic innervation on myocardial growth in oculo are most apparent during the second 4 wk in oculo (i.e., during the cellular enlargement phase of growth.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

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