Relationship of salivary flow and pressure in dog submaxillary and parotid glands

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
R. S. Brown

The maximal secretion pressure in both the submaxillary and parotid gland varies directly with the rate of flow. At high rates (1 ml/min) of flow the pressure in the submaxillary gland is significantly higher than that in the parotid. At these flow rates the secretion pressure in both glands is higher than the capillary blood pressure.

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. R687-R696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy E. Gilman ◽  
Jean M. Camden ◽  
Rob R. Klein ◽  
Qionghui Zhang ◽  
Gary A. Weisman ◽  
...  

Head and neck cancer treatments typically involve a combination of surgery and radiotherapy, often leading to collateral damage to nearby tissues causing unwanted side effects. Radiation damage to salivary glands frequently leads to irreversible dysfunction by poorly understood mechanisms. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a ligand-gated ion channel activated by extracellular ATP released from damaged cells as “danger signals.” P2X7R activation initiates apoptosis and is involved in numerous inflammatory disorders. In this study, we utilized P2X7R knockout (P2X7R−/−) mice to determine the role of the receptor in radiation-induced salivary gland damage. Results indicate a dose-dependent increase in γ-radiation-induced ATP release from primary parotid gland cells of wild-type but not P2X7R−/− mice. Despite these differences, apoptosis levels are similar in parotid glands of wild-type and P2X7R−/− mice 24–72 h after radiation. However, γ-radiation caused elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from primary parotid cells of wild-type but not P2X7R−/− mice. To attempt to uncover the mechanism underlying differential PGE2 release, we evaluated the expression and activities of cyclooxygenase and PGE synthase isoforms. There were no consistent trends in these mediators following radiation that could explain the reduction in PGE2 release in P2X7R−/− mice. Irradiated P2X7R−/− mice have stimulated salivary flow rates similar to unirradiated controls, whereas irradiated wild-type mice have significantly decreased salivary flow rates compared with unirradiated controls. Notably, treatment with the P2X7R antagonist A438079 preserves stimulated salivary flow rates in wild-type mice following γ-radiation. These data suggest that P2X7R antagonism is a promising approach for preventing γ-radiation-induced hyposalivation.


1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Abe ◽  
T Itoh ◽  
M Tashiro ◽  
A Okina ◽  
C Gao ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Lopes de Andrade Martins ◽  
Dinahi Regina de Lira Miranda Braga ◽  
Lioney Nobre Cabral

A sialoadenite é uma inflamação das glân­dulas salivares que pode ser de origem infecciosa ou não, caracterizada por edema, dor e diminuição ou ausência de salivação da glândula afetada. A redução do fluxo salivar pode ser encontrada também em casos de hipertrofia das glândulas parótidas, como observado nos casos de diabetes, alcoolismo, desnutrição, anorexia, bulimia e, dentre elas, a estenose ductal, que pode ocorrer, em razão de sialólitos, mas também devido à contratura muscular em indivíduos com disfunção muscular mastigatória, cronificada pela perda de dimensão vertical decorrente da não reabilitação protética e potencializada por razões ambientais diversas. Este trabalho apresentará um caso em paciente de 61 anos de idade, sexo feminino, com queixa de fortes dores na região de glândula parótida direita, edema ipsilateral, mioespasmo com presença de pontos gatilhos massetéricos e ordenha negativa, levando a hipótese diagnóstica de Sialoadenite de Refluxo. Houve indicação da confecção de um aparelho protético inferior com plano deslizante de resina acrílica para aumentar a Dimensão Vertical de Oclusão (DVO) e restabelecer a dinâmica maxilomandibular, regularizando o fluxo salivar do ducto parotídeo e restaurando a homeostasia glandular até a aquisição de novas próteses reabilitadoras totais para paciente.  Descritores: Glândula Parótida; Inflamação; Fisiopatologia; Músculo Masseter.ReferênciasBarbosa VCS, Barbosa FS. Fisioterapia nas disfunções temporomandibulares. 1ª Ed. São Paulo: Phorte; 2009. Capítulo 1, Sistema estomatognático; p. 21-61.López-Alvarenga RL, Martins PCA, Seabra RC, Carneiro MA, Souza LN. Sialoadenite supurativa aguda em glândula submandibular. Rev cir traumatol buco-maxilo-fac. 2009;9(3):29-34.Navazesh M, Brightman VJ, Pogoda JM. Relationship of medical status, medications, and salivary flow rates in adults of diferente ages. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol Endod. 1997; 81(2):172-76.Baptista Neto C, Sugaya NN. Tratamento da xerostomia em pacientes irradiados na região da cabeça e do pescoço. Rev Biociências. 2004; 10(3):147-151.Fricton JR, Dubner R. Dor orofacial e desordens temporomandibulares. São Paulo: Santos; 2003.Carvalho JPM. Disfunção Temporomandibular Muscular Miofascial e de Mioespasmo: Relato de Caso. In: Programa. Congresso Alagoano de Odontologia; 2015; Maceió, Brasil. Maceió, AL: Maceiodonto; 2015.Avrella A, Heck EM, Hurtig GD, Ceron LP, Pasinato MDE, Spohr P et al. Terapia em paciente com disfunção temporomandibular muscular – relato de caso. J Oral Invest. 2014;3(2):4-7.Fonseca-Silva AS, Uchoa ES, Nóbilo MAA, Bérzin F. Avaliação eletromiográfica da influência da placa oclusal sobre o orbicular da boca em indivíduos portadores de próteses totais com disfunção temporomandibular e dor orofacial. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2007;     22(57):263-68.Almilhatti HJ, Camparis CM, Bönecker G, Ribeiro RA. Como aumentar o índice de sucesso no tratamento com placas oclusais miorrelaxantes. J Bras Oclusão, ATM Dor Orofacial. 2002;2(8):340-43.Santos CC, Fernandes KJM, Miranda ECLS, Pordeus SS. Disfunção temporomandibular muscular miofascial (DTM) e hipermobilidade articular: relato de caso clínico. In: Congresso Alagoano de Odontologia – Maceiodonto; 2015; Maceió, Brasil.Halmova K, Holly D, Stanko P. The influence of cranio-cervical rehabilitation in patients with myofascial temporomandibular pain disorders. Bratisl Med J. 2017;118(11):710-13.Strini PJSA, Sousa GC, Bernardino Júnior R, Strini PJSA, Fernandes Neto AJ. Alterações biomecânicas em pacientes portadores de Disfunção Temporomandibular antes e após o uso de dispositivos oclusais. Rev Odonto. 2009; 17(33):42-7.


1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Wackym ◽  
G. F. Gray ◽  
L. Rosenfeld ◽  
I. Friedmann

AbstractA 69-year-old white female had a left superficial parotidectomy for a papillary cystic oncocytoma. The histologic appearance was identical to Warthin's tumor except that it lacked a lymphoid component. This case suggests that the general morphology of a Warthin's tumor does not depend on the presence of lymphoid tissue or association with an intra-parotid lymph node. We reviewed 50 patients with Warthin's tumor to investigate the histogenesis of the lesion. We found that most Warthin's tumors (86%) appeared to be within lymph nodes, as indicated by the presence of a lymph node capsule or sinuses. The anatomy of intra-parotid lymph nodes in glands containing Warthin's tumors has been compared with that found in 11 parotid glands containing mucoepidermoid carcinomas. So-called heterotopic ductal inclusions may actually represent the normal intimate relationship of parotid gland to intra-parotid lymph nodes.


1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Tribe ◽  
L Peel

Results are reported of the dissections of nine red kangaroos (M. rufus) and four grey kangaroos (M. major). Weights of dissected carcass muscle, bone, and fat, of the viscera, and of the parotid and submaxillary glands were all significantly correlated with empty liveweight. The mean percentage of carcass muscle in the liveweight was 51.7%. The kangaroos had more muscle, and less total fat than have domestic livestock of similar liveweights. The parotid and submaxillary glands were similar histologically to those of the calf and the sheep, but the parotid glands of the kangaroo were about twice the weight of those of the calf or sheep. The weight of the submaxillary gland was half the weight of the parotid gland in the kangaroo, and of similar size to that of the sheep or the calf. In view of its body composition it is suggested that the value of the kangaroo as a producer of edible protein in areas marginal for the production of domestic livestock is worthy of investigation.


Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.


2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Alon Harris ◽  
Brent Siesky ◽  
Amelia Huang ◽  
Thai Do ◽  
Sunu Mathew ◽  
...  

Abstract. Introduction: To investigate the effects of a lutein complex supplementation on ocular blood flow in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy female patients (mean age 36.8 ± 12.1 years) were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover study. Subjects received daily an oral dose of the lutein with synergistic phytochemicals complex (lutein (10 mg), ascorbic acid (500 mg), tocopherols (364 mg), carnosic acid (2.5 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), copper (2 mg), with synergistic effects in reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines when administered together in combination) and placebo during administration periods. Measurements were taken before and after three-week supplementation periods, with crossover visits separated by a three-week washout period. Data analysis included blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity detection, ocular perfusion pressure, confocal scanning laser Doppler imaging of retinal capillary blood flow, and Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar blood vessels. Results: Lutein complex supplementation produced a statistically significant increase in mean superior retinal capillary blood flow, measured in arbitrary units (60, p = 0.0466) and a decrease in the percentage of avascular area in the superior (−0.029, p = 0.0491) and inferior (−0.023, p = 0.0477) retina, as well as reduced systolic (−4.06, p = 0.0295) and diastolic (−3.69, p = 0.0441) blood pressure measured in mmHg from baseline. Data comparison between the two supplement groups revealed a significant decrease in systemic diastolic blood pressure (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement (mean (SE)): −3.69 (1.68); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: 0.31 (2.57); p = 0.0357) and a significant increase in the peak systolic velocity (measured in cm/sec) in the central retinal artery (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement: 0.36 (0.19); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: −0.33 (0.21); p = 0.0384) with lutein complex supplement; data analyses from the placebo group were all non-significant. Discussion: In healthy participants, oral administration of a lutein phytochemicals complex for three weeks produced increased ocular blood flow biomarkers within retinal vascular beds and reduced diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo.


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