Measurement of rapidly and slowly circulating red cell volumes in hemorrhagic shock

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cell Volumes

Equilibration of injected Cr51-labeled red cells and Evan's blue dye (T-1824) in dogs occurred usually within 10 min in control conditions. Delayed equilibration of labeled red cells but not T-1824 was observed after hemorrhage and retransfusion of the withdrawn blood. Delayed equilibration of injected labeled red cells may be not only evidence for the presence of a slowly circulating red cell volume, but also may be used as a measurement of this volume. If a two-compartment system is assumed, then the initial volume of dilution of labeled red cells represents a relatively uniform mixing within a volume of rapidly circulating cells. The final volume of dilution of labeled red cells, beyond which no further dilution occurs, is assumed to represent total circulating red cell volume. The difference between these two volumes may represent a slowly circulating red cell volume. It is postulated that the so-called "sequestered" blood volume may, in part, be reflected in this slowly moving red cell volume. If so, the proposed approach under certain conditions may provide an index to its quantitation.

scholarly journals The measurement of lymphocyte volume: importance of reference particle deformability and counting solution tonicity

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Segel ◽  
GR Cokelet ◽  
MA Lichtman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
The Difference

Abstract We have determined the influence of reference particle deformability and suspending buffer tonicity on the measurement of lymphocyte volume by an electronic particle volume analyzer. When the volume analyzer was standardized with latex spherules having a shape factor (fe) of 1.5, red cell volume was 96 cu micron and lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron. The red cell volume corresponded closely to the true red cell volume; the true lymphocyte volume, however, was 218 cu micron when measured by the lymphocytocrit/lymphocyte count and 203 cu micron by wet lymphocyte weight and density (mean approximately 210 cu micron). The difference between the electronic volume (Ve) of 289 cu micron and true lymphocyte volume of 210 cu micron was due to the influence of lymphocyte deformability (shape factor) as it traverses the sizing aperture. Since the true volume equals the Ve/fe, the red cells with a shape factor near 1.0 were sized appropriately by this method. In contrast, the lymphocyte shape factor was 1.38; thus, the true lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron/1.38 or 210 cu micron. The tonicity of the suspending solution also influenced the measurement of particle volume when osmotically inactive standard particles (e.g., latex spherules) were used as a reference. Whereas the true lymphocyte volume was 210 cu micron at 286 mosmole/liter, it was 194 cu micron at 330 and 229 cu micron at 250 mosmole/liter. The standard counting solution, Isoton, is hyperosmolar (330 mosmole/liter) and causes an 8% shrinkage of osmotically active cells.

scholarly journals The measurement of lymphocyte volume: importance of reference particle deformability and counting solution tonicity

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-899
Author(s):  
GB Segel ◽  
GR Cokelet ◽  
MA Lichtman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
The Difference

We have determined the influence of reference particle deformability and suspending buffer tonicity on the measurement of lymphocyte volume by an electronic particle volume analyzer. When the volume analyzer was standardized with latex spherules having a shape factor (fe) of 1.5, red cell volume was 96 cu micron and lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron. The red cell volume corresponded closely to the true red cell volume; the true lymphocyte volume, however, was 218 cu micron when measured by the lymphocytocrit/lymphocyte count and 203 cu micron by wet lymphocyte weight and density (mean approximately 210 cu micron). The difference between the electronic volume (Ve) of 289 cu micron and true lymphocyte volume of 210 cu micron was due to the influence of lymphocyte deformability (shape factor) as it traverses the sizing aperture. Since the true volume equals the Ve/fe, the red cells with a shape factor near 1.0 were sized appropriately by this method. In contrast, the lymphocyte shape factor was 1.38; thus, the true lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron/1.38 or 210 cu micron. The tonicity of the suspending solution also influenced the measurement of particle volume when osmotically inactive standard particles (e.g., latex spherules) were used as a reference. Whereas the true lymphocyte volume was 210 cu micron at 286 mosmole/liter, it was 194 cu micron at 330 and 229 cu micron at 250 mosmole/liter. The standard counting solution, Isoton, is hyperosmolar (330 mosmole/liter) and causes an 8% shrinkage of osmotically active cells.

Measurement of circulating red cell volume using biotin-labeled red cells: validation against 51Cr-labeled red cells

Transfusion ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Mock ◽  
Gary L. Lankford ◽  
John A. Widness ◽  
Leon F. Burmeister ◽  
Daniel Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume

Red cell volume and blood volume in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cell Volumes

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Herefords and Hereford x Shorthorn crosses), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were maintained either on pasture or yarded, and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Blood volumes were determined on five occasions at intervals of 3 months by the 51Cr labelling technique, plasma and red cell volumes being then derived from the venous haematocrit. The blood plasma, and red cell volumes are all very significantly, correlated with, and represent respectively 4.97, 3.27, and 1.70% of, the fasting body weight. To avoid the confounding effect of body weight, the parameters are expressed as "contents", i.e, in terms of volume per kilogram fasting body weight. In the grazing group breed differences were generally absent. This may in part be due to the fact that the Zebu crossbreds belonged mostly to the F2 and partly to the F3 generation. In the yarded group, where F1 crossbreds were compared with British steers, breed differences were more frequent. British steers tended to have higher plasma contents, but lower red cell contents and haematocrits. Nutrition had no effect on plasma contents, but good nutrition was generally associated with higher haematocrits, as well as with elevated blood and red cell contents. Seasonal differences were in evidence, and all parameters generally reached minimal values in winter or spring. The significance of these findings in relation to adaptation to a tropical environment is discussed. The haematocrit does not necessarily reflect changes in the red cell volume. There is also some indication that the water and plasma contents may be related. The possible usefulness of the red cell volume for predicting the body composition is discussed.

Circulating and tissue hematocrits of normal unanesthetized mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Total Body

The circulating and tissue hematocrits of normal unanesthetized mice were determined by means of independent red cell and plasma volume measurements. The red cell volume-indicator which was used in this study was radioiron (Fe59) tagged red cells. The plasma volume data were derived by means of radioiodine (I131) labeled serum albumin and were reported earlier (Friedman, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 88: 323, 1955). The hematocrits of the various tissues were found to be: for spleen 51.3, lung 47.9, muscle 49.9, liver 38.9, intestine, 32.2, skin 29.2 and kidney 24.0%. The total body hematocrit was 35.4% as compared to 48.4 for venous blood. All tissues, with the exception of spleen and lung, contained hematocrits which were lower than that of venous blood suggesting the presence of some mechanism within the various tissues which is capable of effectively separating plasma from red cells.

Quantitative measurement of erythropoiesis in the dog

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Weissman ◽  
T. A. Waldmann ◽  
N. I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Red Cell Survival

The quantitative measurement of erythropoiesis requires the simultaneous determination of total red cell volume, rate of production of red cells and the red cell life span. The total red cell volume was measured with autologous Cr51-labeled red cells, the rate of production of red cells from the rate of disappearance of radioiron from the plasma and uptake by red cells, the red cell life span with C14-labeled glycine and the apparent red cell survival T1/2 with Cr51. The average total red cell volume of the dogs studied was 38.6 cc/kg; the plasma radioiron T1/2 was 66 minutes; the red cell radio-iron uptake was 80%; the serum iron was 102 µg/100 cc, and the plasma volume calculated from the peripheral hematocrit and total red cell volume was 46 cc/kg, and from the extrapolation to t0 of the radioiron disappearance was 48 cc/kg. From these figures the plasma iron turnover was calculated to be 0.63 mg/kg/day and the red cell iron renewal rate 1.26%/day. The average red cell life span was 108 days; the average apparent T1/2 of Cr51 red cell survival was 24.3 days; the average elution rate of Cr51 was 1.77%/day.

Role of the spleen in determining total body hematocrit

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton H. Baker ◽  
John W. Remington
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cell Volumes

Plasma volumes were measured by T-1824 and cell volumes by Cr51-tagged cells in intact and acutely splenectomized dogs. The blood activity level reached a nearly constant value by about 20 minutes in intact, and 10 minutes in splenectomized dogs. Splenic contraction produced a rise in arterial hematocrit and in activity, but no significant change in the calculated total red cell volume. This indicates that the tagged cells reached an equilibrium concentration in the spleen fairly rapidly. The ratio of total body hematocrit to arterial hematocrit was quite variable between animals. The average for intact dogs was 1.021. After splenic contraction, their ratio was lowered to 0.838. The lowered value persisted for at least 40 days after splenectomy, despite a frequently severe decrease in red cell volume. Due to the variation between animals, the actual value of the ratio has no clear significance. Successive estimations of cell volume in dogs under control conditions showed a standard deviation of 6.4%.

Alterations in tissue blood volume induced by tourniquet application

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Venous Resistance

The application of occluding tourniquets to both hind legs of unanesthetized mice produced widespread changes in the distribution of plasma and red cells throughout the peripheral circulation. Following tourniquet application the plasma volume within all tissues declined except for lung which remained unaltered and muscle which exhibited an increase. The red cell volume changed variably, declining in liver and spleen, rising in kidney and muscle and remaining unchanged in the other tissues analyzed. These changes were suggestive of a somewhat generalized increase in peripherovascular constrictor activity which included venous resistance vessels in addition to arterioles.

Mixing of Labeled Erythrocytes in the Dog's Spleen

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kraintz ◽  
J. de Boer ◽  
E. L. Smith ◽  
R. A. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Spleen Size ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Minute Period

Dogs anesthetized with morphine-pentobarbital were injected with Cr51-tagged red cells, and their mixing time in the general circulation and the spleen was compared. The necessary blood samples were taken and the spleens rapidly excised at 10, 20 or 30 minutes after the injection of the tagged red cells. When the data were grouped according to the size of the spleen and irrespective of the time of removal, the mixing of tagged red cells in small spleens was practically the same as in the general circulation. With increasing sizes of spleens the mixing appeared to be progressively less complete than in the general circulation. If the spleen size was disregarded and the data grouped according to the time after the injections of tagged red cells mixing in the spleen was still incomplete after 30 minutes. However, the maximum mean possible error that could be introduced into the determination of total red cell volume if all the unmixed red cells were ejected into the general circulation would be less than 5% at the 20-minute period.

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