Role of the spleen in determining total body hematocrit

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton H. Baker ◽  
John W. Remington
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cell Volumes

Plasma volumes were measured by T-1824 and cell volumes by Cr51-tagged cells in intact and acutely splenectomized dogs. The blood activity level reached a nearly constant value by about 20 minutes in intact, and 10 minutes in splenectomized dogs. Splenic contraction produced a rise in arterial hematocrit and in activity, but no significant change in the calculated total red cell volume. This indicates that the tagged cells reached an equilibrium concentration in the spleen fairly rapidly. The ratio of total body hematocrit to arterial hematocrit was quite variable between animals. The average for intact dogs was 1.021. After splenic contraction, their ratio was lowered to 0.838. The lowered value persisted for at least 40 days after splenectomy, despite a frequently severe decrease in red cell volume. Due to the variation between animals, the actual value of the ratio has no clear significance. Successive estimations of cell volume in dogs under control conditions showed a standard deviation of 6.4%.

Red cell volume and blood volume in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cell Volumes

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Herefords and Hereford x Shorthorn crosses), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were maintained either on pasture or yarded, and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Blood volumes were determined on five occasions at intervals of 3 months by the 51Cr labelling technique, plasma and red cell volumes being then derived from the venous haematocrit. The blood plasma, and red cell volumes are all very significantly, correlated with, and represent respectively 4.97, 3.27, and 1.70% of, the fasting body weight. To avoid the confounding effect of body weight, the parameters are expressed as "contents", i.e, in terms of volume per kilogram fasting body weight. In the grazing group breed differences were generally absent. This may in part be due to the fact that the Zebu crossbreds belonged mostly to the F2 and partly to the F3 generation. In the yarded group, where F1 crossbreds were compared with British steers, breed differences were more frequent. British steers tended to have higher plasma contents, but lower red cell contents and haematocrits. Nutrition had no effect on plasma contents, but good nutrition was generally associated with higher haematocrits, as well as with elevated blood and red cell contents. Seasonal differences were in evidence, and all parameters generally reached minimal values in winter or spring. The significance of these findings in relation to adaptation to a tropical environment is discussed. The haematocrit does not necessarily reflect changes in the red cell volume. There is also some indication that the water and plasma contents may be related. The possible usefulness of the red cell volume for predicting the body composition is discussed.

Circulating and tissue hematocrits of normal unanesthetized mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Total Body

The circulating and tissue hematocrits of normal unanesthetized mice were determined by means of independent red cell and plasma volume measurements. The red cell volume-indicator which was used in this study was radioiron (Fe59) tagged red cells. The plasma volume data were derived by means of radioiodine (I131) labeled serum albumin and were reported earlier (Friedman, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 88: 323, 1955). The hematocrits of the various tissues were found to be: for spleen 51.3, lung 47.9, muscle 49.9, liver 38.9, intestine, 32.2, skin 29.2 and kidney 24.0%. The total body hematocrit was 35.4% as compared to 48.4 for venous blood. All tissues, with the exception of spleen and lung, contained hematocrits which were lower than that of venous blood suggesting the presence of some mechanism within the various tissues which is capable of effectively separating plasma from red cells.

Body composition in vivo. VII. Relation between red cell volume and total body water in ewes

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
DA Little
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Parameters

The relationship between total body water and red cell volume was determined in a group of non-pregnant crossbred ewes, in an endeavour to obtain a method which did not necessitate the use of radioisotopes for determining body composition. Total body water could be predicted from red cell volume. The 95% confidence interval for a mean value for total body water, predicted from the red cell volume, was ±18.8% of the mean. All other relations which can be derived between the red cell volume and other body parameters depended on this relation. The calculation of body composition from measurements of the red cell volume is discussed.

Red-Cell Volume and Total Body Water

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hyde ◽  
N. F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Ionic and osmotic equilibria of human red blood cells treated with nystatin.

1979 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Freedman ◽  
J F Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Virial Equation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Extracellular Solution ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volumes

Human red blood cells have been incubated in the presence of nystatin, which allows Na and K, as well as Cl and pH to equilibrate rapidly when cell volume is set with external impermeant sucrose. The intracellular mean ionic activity coefficients, relative to values in the extracellular solution, for KCl and NaCl are 1.01 +/- 0.02 and 0.99 +/- 0.02 (SD, n = 10), respectively, and are independent of external pH, pH o, and of [sucrose]o. With nystatin the dependence of red cell volume on [sucrose]o deviates from ideal osmotic behavior by as much as a factor of three. A virial equation for the osmotic coefficient, phi, of human hemoglobin, Hb, accounts for the cell volumes, and is the same as that which describes Adair's measurements of phi Hb for Hb isolated from sheep and ox bloods. In the presence of nystatin the slope of the acid-base titration curve of the cells is independent of cell volume, implying that the charge on impermeant cellular solutes is independent of Hb concentration at constant pH. By modifying the Jacobs-stewart equations (1947. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 30: 79--103) with the osmotic coefficients of Hb and of salts, a nonideal thermodynamic model has been devised which predicts equilibrium Donnan ratios and red cell volume from the composition of the extracellular solution and from certain parameters of the cells. In addition to accounting for the dependence of cell volume on osmotic pressure, the model also describes accurately the dependence of Donnan ratios and cell volumes on pHo either in the presence or absence of nystatin.

Role of spleen in ANF-induced reduction in plasma volume

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Important Site ◽  
Intact Rats

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) causes an increase in hematocrit that cannot be accounted for by urinary losses. The mechanism behind this phenomenon was studied in intact and splenectomized rats. Rat ANF 99–126 was infused i.v. for 30 min into conscious rats at rates of 0 (saline control), 0.05, or 0.1 μg/min. Plasma volume was then determined by dilution of the dye, Evan's Blue. In one group of rats, red cell volume was determined using 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes. ANF infusion was continued uninterrupted throughout the experiments. In the intact rats, ANF (0.10 μg/min) caused hematocrit to increase from 38.9 ± 0.5 to 41.2 ± 0.4% (p < 0.005). Splenectomy so attenuated this response to ANF that it failed to reach significance. Similarly, ANF (0.10 μg/min) caused plasma volume to fall from 5.1 ± 0.1 to 4.5 ± 0.1 mL/100 g body wt. (p < 0.005) in the intact rats, but did not affect plasma volume in the splenectomized rats. As a result, blood volume was significantly reduced by ANF in the intact rats, but remained unchanged in the splenectomized rats. Red cell volume did not change in response to infusion of ANF, nor did ANF affect the rate of clearance of Evan's Blue out of the plasma. It is concluded that the spleen is an important site of movement of protein-poor fluid out of the vasculature, and that this exchange is influenced by ANF.Key words: spleen, ANF, blood volume, hematocrit.

Measurement of rapidly and slowly circulating red cell volumes in hemorrhagic shock

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cell Volumes

Equilibration of injected Cr51-labeled red cells and Evan's blue dye (T-1824) in dogs occurred usually within 10 min in control conditions. Delayed equilibration of labeled red cells but not T-1824 was observed after hemorrhage and retransfusion of the withdrawn blood. Delayed equilibration of injected labeled red cells may be not only evidence for the presence of a slowly circulating red cell volume, but also may be used as a measurement of this volume. If a two-compartment system is assumed, then the initial volume of dilution of labeled red cells represents a relatively uniform mixing within a volume of rapidly circulating cells. The final volume of dilution of labeled red cells, beyond which no further dilution occurs, is assumed to represent total circulating red cell volume. The difference between these two volumes may represent a slowly circulating red cell volume. It is postulated that the so-called "sequestered" blood volume may, in part, be reflected in this slowly moving red cell volume. If so, the proposed approach under certain conditions may provide an index to its quantitation.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Total Red Cell Volume to Total Body Water in Octogenarian Males

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO PIOMELLI ◽  
DAVID G. NATHAN ◽  
JAMES F. CUMMINS ◽  
FRANK H. GARDNER ◽  
Alvera L. Limauro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract 1. Studies of red cell volume, total body water and extracellular water have been carried out in a group of octogenarians and in a group of young men. 2. Differences in total red cell volume, blood volume and the distribution of body water were detected. 3. The implications and interpretations of these findings are discussed.

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