scholarly journals Variations in intrauterine pH within a circadian rhythm (Gallus domesticus)

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Winget ◽  
C. A. Mepham ◽  
E. G. Averkin
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Fourier Series ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Active Salt ◽  
Sexually Mature

The intrauterine pH of the sexually mature bird appears to fluctuate diurnally. The changes in pH during mineralization would suggest a more complex mechanism responsible for the movement of calcium from the plasma to the uterus. The increase in intrauterine pH during the period of active salt and water transport may indicate pH is important in this mechanism. The Fourier-series, periodogram, and correlogram methods all indicate that intrauterine pH is cyclic. Furthermore, the correlogram suggests that the cycle is endodiurnal.

scholarly journals Na, Cl, and Water Transport by Rat Ileum in Vitro

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Model System ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Rat Ileum ◽  
Active Salt ◽  
The Relationship

Interrelationships between metabolism, NaCl transport, and water transport have been studied in an in vitro preparation of rat ileum. When glucose is present in the mucosal solution, Na and Cl both appear to be actively transported from mucosa to serosa while water absorption is passive and dependent on net solute transport. Removal of glucose from the mucosal solution or treatment with dinitrophenol, monoiodoacetate, or anoxia inhibits active salt transport and as a result, water absorption is also inhibited. The dependence of water absorption on metabolism can be explained as a secondary effect due to its dependence on active salt transport. The relationship between salt and water transport has been discussed in terms of a model system.

Respiration of Lampreys

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Sexually Mature

In lampreys, though the gross morphology of the branchial chamber and the method of ventilating the gills are radically different from that found in gnathostomes, the total gill area of larval (1462–2717 mm2∙g−1) and adult (1402–2337 mm2∙g−1) lampreys, the ultrastructure of the gills, and the thickness of the water–blood barrier are similar to active teleosts. The standard rates of oxygen consumption of ammocoetes are low, values for medium-sized Ichthyomyzon hubbsi ranging from 18.1 μL∙g−1∙h−1 at 3.5 °C to 90.1 μL∙g−1∙h−1 at 22.5 °C. The consumption rates increase during metamorphosis rising in Lampetra fluviatilis held at 10 °C from 29.3 to 60.4 μL∙g−1∙h−1, and at the same time a circadian rhythm of consumption develops; maximum rates occur in the dark. Adult lampreys have consumption rates ranging from 66.1 μL∙g−1∙h−1 in L. fluviatilis to 36.9 μL∙g−1∙h−1 in Petromyzon marinus, and Q10's in the temperature range 5–15 °C are from 1.6 to 4.83. Sexually mature males of L. planeri and L. fluviatilis have higher metabolic rates than the females. The active oxygen consumption of P. marinus at 332.5 μL∙g−1∙h−1 is within the range reported for teleosts. Resting ventilation rates are higher in adults than ammocoetes and reach maximum values in sexually mature spawning males. Hypoxia results in an increase in the ventilation and heart rates.Key words: lampreys, respiration; gills, morphology; oxygen consumption, sexual maturity, ventilation rates

scholarly journals Predicted effect of circadian clock modulation of NHE3 of a proximal tubule cell on sodium transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. F665-F676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wei ◽  
Michelle L. Gumz ◽  
Anita T. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cell ◽  
Tubule Cell ◽  
The Impact

Major renal functions such as renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary excretion are known to exhibit circadian oscillations. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern these variations have yet to be fully elucidated. To better understand the impact of the circadian clock on renal solute and water transport, we have developed a computational model of the renal circadian clock and coupled that model to an epithelial transport model of the proximal convoluted cell of the rat kidney. The activity of the Na+-H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) is assumed to be regulated by changes in transcription of the NHE3 mRNA due to regulation by circadian clock proteins. The model predicts the rhythmic oscillations in NHE3 activity, which gives rise to significant daily fluctuations in Na+ and water transport of the proximal tubule cell. Additionally, the model predicts that 1) mutation in period 2 (Per2) or cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) preserves the circadian rhythm and modestly raises Na+ reabsorption; 2) mutation in Bmal1 or CLOCK eliminates the circadian rhythm and modestly lowers Na+ reabsorption; 3) mutation in Rev-Erb or ROR-related orphan receptor (Ror) has minimal impact on the circadian oscillations. The model represents the first step in building a tool set aimed at increasing our understanding of how the molecular clock affects renal ion transport and renal function, which likely has important implications for kidney disease.

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PINEAL UPTAKE OF 32P IN DOMESTIC FOWL

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. SACKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle ◽  
Constant Dark

SUMMARY The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by the pineal gland in White Leghorn cockerels (Gallus domesticus) showed a diurnal variation with maxima in the light phase and minima in the dark phase of the light:dark cycle. Constant light caused the rhythm to disappear while constant dark had no effect other than lowering the amplitude of the variations. These data indicate that the rhythm in pineal uptake of 32P is circadian.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

Ultrastructure of the basal body apparatus in epidermal cells of a sponge larva (Aplysilla SP: Demospongiae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
R.L. Pinto ◽  
R.M. Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Striated Rootlet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basal Foot ◽  
Sexually Mature

The basal body and its associated rootlet are the organelles responsible for anchoring the flagellum or cilium in the cytoplasm. Structurally, the common denominators of the basal apparatus are the basal body, a basal foot from which microtubules or microfilaments emanate, and a striated rootlet. A study of the basal apparatus from cells of the epidermis of a sponge larva was initiated to provide a comparison with similar data on adult sponges.Sexually mature colonies of Aplysillasp were collected from Keehi Lagoon Marina, Honolulu, Hawaii. Larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.14 M NaCl in 0.2 M Millonig’s phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Specimens were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 1.25% sodium bicarbonate (pH 7.2) and embedded in epoxy resin. The larva ofAplysilla sp was previously described (as Dendrilla cactus) based on live observations and SEM by Woollacott and Hadfield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document