Fever and antipyresis in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Bernheim ◽  
MJ Kluger
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
The University ◽  
Dose Dependent

Lizards (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) were placed in a desertlike environment in which the ambient temperature (Ta) at night (1800-0600 h) was 12 degrees C and the day (0600-1800 h) Ta was between 30 and 55 degrees C depending on the location within the chamber. When dead Aeromonas hydrophila (4 X 10(9) organisms) was injected into nine lizards, an elevation in body temperature (Tb) of 2.7 degrees C was observed during the same day. On the day after bacterial injection the lizards' body temperatures averaged 41.6 degrees C, an increase of 4.2 degrees C over their control day Tb. Further investigations on the febrile response of D. dorsalis were conducted at the University of Wisconsin's Biotron, where there exists a simulated desert environment with the light intensity, temperature, and humidity closely parelleling a typical spring day in the southwestern desert of the United States (the natural habitat of Dipsosaurus). In this environment injection of dead bacteria into seven lizards led to an average febrile response of similar magnitude (Tb = 40.5 degrees C) but with a longer latency than that found at the University of Michigan. Injection of 13 lizards with live A. hydrophila (5 X 10(9) organism subcut.) in the simulated desert at Michigan led to a daytime fever averaging 2.3 degrees C (mean Tb = 40.6 degrees C) over a 5-day period. During the 6th and 7th day the lizards' body temperature returned to the normal or afebrile level. Injections of sodium salicylate along with dead A. hydrophila resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation of the febrile response. These results demonstrate that the reptilian febrile response is strikingly similar to avian and mammalian fever and suggest a common origin and perhaps function for the febrile mechanism.

scholarly journals Collecting Anarchy: Continuing the Legacy of the Joseph A. Labadie Collection

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Julie Herrada
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Gay Liberation ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Radical History ◽  
The University

The Joseph A. Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan is one of the oldest and most comprehensive collections of radical history in the United States, bringing together unique materials that document past as well as contemporary social protest movements. In addition to anarchism and labor movements, topics that were its original focus, the Collection today is particularly strong in civil liberties (with an emphasis on racial minorities), socialism, communism, colonialism and imperialism, American labor history through the 1930s, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), the Spanish Civil War, sexual freedom, women’s liberation, gay liberation, the . . .

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Reveals Little Spread From a Large University Campus to the Surrounding Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L Valesano ◽  
William J Fitzsimmons ◽  
Christopher N Blair ◽  
Robert J Woods ◽  
Julie Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Campus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
Washtenaw County ◽  
The University ◽  
Subsequent Wave

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had high incidence rates at institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States, but the transmission dynamics in these settings are poorly understood. It remains unclear to what extent IHE-associated outbreaks have contributed to transmission in nearby communities. Methods We implemented high-density prospective genomic surveillance to investigate these dynamics at the University of Michigan and the surrounding community during the Fall 2020 semester (August 16–November 24). We sequenced complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from 1659 individuals, including 468 students, representing 20% of cases in students and 25% of total cases in Washtenaw County over the study interval. Results Phylogenetic analysis identified >200 introductions into the student population, most of which were not related to other student cases. There were 2 prolonged student transmission clusters, of 115 and 73 individuals, that spanned multiple on-campus residences. Remarkably, <5% of nonstudent genomes were descended from student clusters, and viral descendants of student cases were rare during a subsequent wave of infections in the community. Conclusions The largest outbreaks among students at the University of Michigan did not significantly contribute to the rise in community cases in Fall 2020. These results provide valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics at the regional level.

scholarly journals Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on fever and neutrophilia induced byClostridium difficiletoxin B

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cardoso ◽  
A. A. Melo Filho ◽  
M. C. C. Melo ◽  
D. M. Lyerly ◽  
T. D. Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study investigated the ability ofClostridium difficiletoxin B, isolated from the VPI 10463 strain, to induce fever and neutrophilia in rats. Intravenous injection of toxin B (0.005–0.5 μg/kg) evoked a dose-dependent increase in body temperature. The febrile response to 0.5 μg/kg of the toxin started in 2.5 h, peaked at 5 h, and subsided fully within 24 h. Toxin B also induced a dosedependent neutrophilia. Pretreatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the neutrophilia induced by toxin B, but significantly reduced the febrile response measured 4 to 8 h after toxin B injection. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/ kg) also markedly diminished the febrile response induced by toxin B. These results show thatClostridium difficiletoxin B induced a febrile response susceptible to inhibition by dexamethasone and indomethacin. Furthermore, they suggest that prostaglandins are not involved in the neutrophilia caused by this toxin.

Book Reviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1594-1596
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Foreign Exchange Intervention ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The University ◽  
Economics And Politics

Kathryn M. E. Dominguez of the University of Michigan reviews “Currency Conflict and Trade Policy: A New Strategy for the United States,” by C. Fred Bergsten and Joseph E. Gagnon. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Analyzes the economics and politics of currency manipulation, globally and with respect to the key individual countries that engage in repeated intervention or feel its effects, and demonstrates empirically the strong connection between official foreign-exchange intervention and trade imbalances.”

The Master Synthesizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Seifudein Adem
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Organization Of African Unity ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

Ali Mazrui was born in 1933 in Mombasa, Kenya. Sent to England in 1955 for his secondary school education, he remained there until he earned hisB.A. (1960, politics and philosophy) with distinction from the University of Manchester. He received his M.A. (1961, government and politics) and Ph.D. (1966, philosophy) from Columbia and Oxford universities, respectively. In Africa, he taught political science at Uganda’s Makerere University College (1963-73), and then returned to the United States to teach at the University of Michigan (1974-91) and New York’s Binghamton University (1991-2014). An avatar of controversy, Mazrui was also legendary for the fertility of his mind. Nelson Mandela viewed him as “an outstanding educationist” 1 and Kofi Annan, former secretary-general of the United Nations, referred to him as “Africa’s gift to the world.”2 Salim Ahmed Salim, former secretary-general of the Organization of African Unity and prime minister of Tanzania wrote: Ali Mazrui provided [many of us] with the illuminating light to understand the reality we have been confronting. He armed us with the tools of engagement and inspired us with his eloquence, clarity of ideas while all the time maintaining the highest degree of humility, respect for fellow human beings, and an unflagging commitment to justice.

Talking Tenure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Echavez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Of Color ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Asian Pacific American ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The University

Written in the wake of her tenure case at the University of Michigan, Sarita See's essay reflects the various subject positions she has held in the academy from untenured, and therefore vulnerable, assistant professor to a powerful advocate and organizer calling for institutions to closely interrogate what is at stake when faculty of color face tenure battles. Reflecting the challenges of writing about the unwritten record of racism and sexism in the United States academy, this essay documents and juxtaposes two radio segments with the radio collective "Asian Pacific American (APA): A Compass"—a rant and an interview—that See did as part of two national tenure justice campaigns on behalf of women of color academics that she helped organize.

The Origins of Affirmative Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-66
Author(s):  
Matthew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Black Activism ◽  
Workplace Justice ◽  
Federal Contracts ◽  
The University

This chapter examines the origins of affirmative action in the University of Michigan (UM). The pressure that led to the university's first undergraduate affirmative action admissions program came from a federal bureaucrat and the president of the United States, who were both responding to black activism for workplace justice. Yet this pressure never threatened UM with the loss of lucrative federal contracts or potential court cases. UM adopted affirmative action in 1964 because people at the top of the institution wanted the university to change. This environment of weak federal coercion created a perfect recipe for co-optation. After the initial dose of federal pressure, UM officials took control of the purpose and character of affirmative action, creating a program that preserved the university's long-established priorities and values. It is no surprise, then, that between 1964 and 1967, black enrollment rose from only 0.5 to 1.65 percent of the student body. However, given that African Americans constituted more than 10 percent of the state population, affirmative action made a small dent in the racial disparities at UM.

scholarly journals Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type 258 in Michigan, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Jain ◽  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
David M. Aronoff ◽  
Vincent B. Young ◽  
Duane W. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
The University ◽  
Escherichia Col

The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in our hospital increased beginning in 2009. We aimed to study the clinical and molecular epidemiology of these emerging isolates. We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients with clinical cultures confirmed as CPE by positive modified Hodge test from 5/2009-5/2010 at the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS). Clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records. Available CPE isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene and <em>blaKPC locus</em>. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolates. Twenty six unique CPE isolates were obtained from 25 adult patients. The majority were <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (n=17). Other isolates included <em>K. oxytoca</em> (n=3), <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> (n=2), <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> (n=2), <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em> (n=1) and <em>Escherichia col</em>i (n=1). Molecular characterization of 19 available CPE isolates showed that 13 (68%) carried the KPC-3 allele and 6 (32%) carried the KPC-2 allele. Among 14 available <em>K. pneumoniae</em> strains, 12 (86%) carried the KPC-3 allele and belonged to a common lineage, sequence type (ST) 258. The other 2 (14%) <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates carried the KPC-2 allele and belonged to two unique STs. Among these ST 258 strains, 67% were isolated from patients with prior exposures to health care settings outside of our institution. In contrast, all CPE isolates carrying the KPC-2 allele and all non ST 258 CPE isolates had acquisition attributable to our hospital. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> suggests that KPC-3 producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates of a common lineage, sequence type (ST 258), are emerging in our hospital. While ST 258 is a dominant sequence type throughout the United States, this study is the first to report its presence in Michigan.

The Linguistic Society of America and North American Linguistics, 1950–1968

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archibald A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The University ◽  
Annual Summer

Summary The author, Secretary-Treasurer of the Linguistic Society of America during the crucial phase of the post-World War II growth of linguistics as an autonomous academic speciality, 1950–1968, reports on the events that shaped the LSA and the discipline in North America in general. Whereas the Society counted only 829 members, individual and institutional, in 1950, the total number had risen to 4,375 by 1968. The author narrates, in a year-by-year manner, the acitivities that held the Society together during this period and furthered the exchange of ideas among the different generations of linguists, namely, (1) the annual meetings, traditionally held at the end of December, at which both established scholars and fledgling researchers presented papers and had them discussed; (2) the annual summer institutes, first held for a number of years in a row at the University of Michigan and subsequently at several other campuses in the United States, and (3) the publication of Language, the Society’s organ, ably edited by Bernard Bloch from 1941 until his death in 1965.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document