scholarly journals Modulation of taste processing by temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (4) ◽  
pp. R305-R321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Oral Sensory ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Stimulus Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Taste Processing ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Gustatory Information ◽  
Stimulus Temperature

Taste stimuli have a temperature that can stimulate thermosensitive neural machinery in the mouth during gustatory experience. Although taste and oral temperature are sometimes discussed as different oral sensory modalities, there is a body of literature that demonstrates temperature is an important component and modulator of the intensity of gustatory neural and perceptual responses. Available data indicate that the influence of temperature on taste, herein referred to as “thermogustation,” can vary across taste qualities, can also vary among stimuli presumed to share a common taste quality, and is conditioned on taste stimulus concentration, with neuronal and psychophysical data revealing larger modulatory effects of temperature on gustatory responding to weakened taste solutions compared with concentrated. What is more, thermogustation is evidenced to involve interplay between mouth and stimulus temperature. Given these and other dependencies, identifying principles by which thermal input affects gustatory information flow in the nervous system may be important for ultimately unravelling the organization of neural circuits for taste and defining their involvement with multisensory processing related to flavor. Yet thermal effects are relatively understudied in gustatory neuroscience. Major gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of thermogustation include delineating supporting receptors, the potential involvement of oral thermal and somatosensory trigeminal neurons in thermogustatory interactions, and the broader operational roles of temperature in gustatory processing. This review will discuss these and other issues in the context of the literature relevant to understanding thermogustation.

Influence of Temperature on the Hydration Heat of Polymer Modified Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Si Feng Liu ◽  
Si Jun Guo ◽  
Pei Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter

The hydration heat of polymer modified mortar were measured at 5°C、10°C、20°C and 40°C using Multi-channel Isothermal calorimeter. The effects of temperature on hydration heat of polymer modified mortars with 0.1% methyl hydroxylpropyl cellulose (MHPC), 3% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and 0.1%MHPC+3%EVA were investigated. The curves of hydration heat show that the polymer reduces the hydration heat of mortars and it is related to the temperature. The effects will be more and more remarkable with the increasing of temperature; Temperature also affects the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortars. The exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar at low temperature is almost equal to that of the ordinary cement mortar. However, it is obviously lower than that of ordinary cement mortar at high temperature ; The time to the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar is also related to the temperature.

scholarly journals Sensory Characteristics in ASD

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Stewart ◽  
Natalie Russo ◽  
Jennifer Banks ◽  
Louisa Miller ◽  
Jacob A Burack
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Incoming Information ◽  
Processing Differences

In this paper, we review evidence regarding differences in the types of sensory experiences  of persons with ASD with respect to both unisensory and multisensory processing. We discuss self- reports, carer questionnaires as well as perceptual processing differences found in the laboratory.  Incoming information is processed through one or more of our senses and fundamental differences in the processing of information from any sensory modality or combination of sensory modalities are likely to have cascading effects on the way individuals with ASD experience the world around them, effects that can have both positive and negative impact on a individual with ASD’s quality of life.

Principles of Thermal Ecology: Temperature, Energy, and Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Rigorous Framework ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Temperature affects everything. It influences all aspects of the physical environment and governs any process that involves a flow of energy, setting boundaries on what an organism can or cannot do. This novel textbook explores the key principles behind the complex relationship between organisms and temperature, namely the science of thermal ecology. It starts providing a rigorous framework for understanding the nature of temperature and the flow of energy in and out of the organism, before describing the influence of temperature on what organisms can do, and how fast they can do it. Central to this is the relationship between temperature and metabolism, which then forms the basis for an exploration of the effects of temperature on growth and size. Two chapters cover first endothermy (including how this expensive lifestyle might have evolved), and then when and how this is suspended in torpor and hibernation. With these fundamental principles covered, the book’s final section explores thermal ecology itself, incorporating the important extra dimension of interactions with other organisms. After an examination of the relationship between temperature, energy and diversity, an entire chapter is devoted to the crucially important subject of the nature of climate change and how organisms are responding to this. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on the need for an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms, and the important insights that can be gained from the historical and fossil record.

Modality, quo vadis?

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Quo Vadis

Grush's emulation theory comprises both modality-specific and amodal emulators. I suggest that the amodal variety be replaced by multisensory emulators. The key distinction is that multisensory processing retains the characteristics of individual sensory modalities, in contrast to amodal processing. The latter term is better reserved for conceptual and linguistic systems, rather than perception or emulation.

Multisensory Integration as a Window into Orderly and Disrupted Cognition and Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Wallace ◽  
Tiffany G. Woynaroski ◽  
Ryan A. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Multisensory Information

During our everyday lives, we are confronted with a vast amount of information from several sensory modalities. This multisensory information needs to be appropriately integrated for us to effectively engage with and learn from our world. Research carried out over the last half century has provided new insights into the way such multisensory processing improves human performance and perception; the neurophysiological foundations of multisensory function; the time course for its development; how multisensory abilities differ in clinical populations; and, most recently, the links between multisensory processing and cognitive abilities. This review summarizes the extant literature on multisensory function in typical and atypical circumstances, discusses the implications of the work carried out to date for theory and research, and points toward next steps for advancing the field.

Influence of Temperature on Energy Utilization of Embryonic and Prolarval Tautog, Tautoga onitis

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Critical Timing

When daily energy budgets were calculated by two methods for tautog, Tautoga onitis, from fertilization to complete yolk absorption at three temperatures (16, 19, and 22 C), neither method indicated a deficiency of yolk energy for growth and metabolism prior to exogenous feeding capability. Deficits were indicated on the day of feeding capability at all temperatures by the oxygen consumption method, the more precise but less inclusive of the two. The dry weight method, which gave the more conservative estimates, indicated no deficit for the entire period of yolk absorption at 16 C, a deficit one day after feeding capability at 19 C, and a deficit on the day of feeding capability at 22 C.Regression analysis of oxygen consumption indicated that 22 C may be in the upper temperature limits for normal metabolism by embryonic and prolarval tautog. Yolk utilization efficiencies and postlarval size at complete yolk absorption tended to be inversely related to temperature. The ecological implications and the effects of temperature on the critical timing involved in the interactions of feeding capability, availability of prey and occurrence of energy deficits are discussed.

Temperature modulates the interaction between fungicide pollution and disease: evidence from a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast model

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Cuco ◽  
Bruno B. Castro ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Justyna Wolinska ◽  
Nelson Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Parasite Challenge

AbstractTemperature is expected to modulate the responses of organisms to stress. Here, we aimed to assess the influence of temperature on the interaction between parasitism and fungicide contamination. Specifically, using the cladoceran Daphnia as a model system, we explored the isolated and interactive effects of parasite challenge (yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata) and exposure to fungicides (copper sulphate and tebuconazole) at two temperatures (17 and 20 °C), in a fully factorial design. Confirming a previous study, M. bicuspidata infection and copper exposure caused independent effects on Daphnia life history, whereas infection was permanently suppressed with tebuconazole exposure. Here, we show that higher temperature generally increased the virulence of the parasite, with the hosts developing signs of infection earlier, reproducing less and dying at an earlier age. These effects were consistent across copper concentrations, whereas the joint effects of temperature (which enhanced the difference between non-infected and infected hosts) and the anti-parasitic action of tebuconazole resulted in a more pronounced parasite × tebuconazole interaction at the higher temperature. Thus, besides independently influencing parasite and contaminant effects, the temperature can act as a modulator of interactions between pollution and disease.

Gastric mill age estimates for ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus neglectus (Faxon) and the influence of temperature on band formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Mouser ◽  
Jason Glover ◽  
Shannon K. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Highland Streams ◽  
Ageing Precision ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Length Frequency Analysis

Abstract Counting bands via the gastric mill is a potential direct approach for ageing crayfish; however, the validity of ageing crustaceans using the gastric mill is unknown. Our study objectives were to 1) compare gastric mill age estimates to a traditional aging technique, 2) compare ageing precision among the ossicles, and 3) examine the effects of temperature on gastric mill band formation. From 2017–2018, we collected 681 ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus neglectus (Faxon) from ten Ozark Highland streams. Our length-frequency analysis reflected seven age classes, whereas gastric mill age estimates indicated individuals were up to 10 yr of age. The length-frequency analysis age estimates showed good congruence (± 1 yr) with age estimates from the gastric mill 78% of the time. The coefficient of variation (CV) of age estimates from gastric mill bands between our readers was 29.7%. Ageing precision was highest when using the zygocardiac ossicles (CV = 12.4%). Gastric mill age estimates for known age-1 crayfish from a thermally stable laboratory were not significantly different from one, whereas age estimates from a thermally varying laboratory were greater than one. Our results indicate molting frequency does not control gastric mill band formation, and temperature plays a role in band formation.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON INFILTRATION PROCESS OF LIQUID COPPER IN W SKELETON

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4229-4232
Author(s):  
YANXIA BAI ◽  
SHUHUA LIANG ◽  
YANLONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Liquid Copper ◽  
Molten Copper ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Liquid Infiltration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Infiltration Processes

The effects of temperature on liquid infiltration of molten copper in W skeleton pores are investigated by numerical simulation. The unsteady state infiltration processes of molten copper in the same W skeleton pores are studied at the temperature of 1373K, 1473K and 1593K, respectively. The mobility of molten copper is affected by the temperature, which then lead to the different transport process. The infiltration velocity of molten copper in W solid is affected by viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of liquid copper, which indicates that higher temperature can accelerate the rate of the seepage. The velocity distribution drops down along the infiltration and displays parabolic trend along the position.

Effects of Temperature on Deep Drawing of Sheet Metals

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Kumpulainen ◽  
A. J. Ranta-Eskola ◽  
R. H. O. Rintamaa
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Strip Drawing ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Bending Under Tension

The influence of temperature on the flow stress and the uniform strain of steel, brass, aluminium and AISI 304 and 316 type stainless steels is determined by using uniaxial tensile tests. Sliding and stretching friction coefficients at several surface temperatures are measured for various sheets and lubricants using a bending under tension type strip drawing test. The validity of the results is verified by deep drawing experiments. The influence of temperature difference between the punch nose region and the flange on the drawing and fracture loads and on the limiting drawing ratio is determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document